THEME: THE IMPACT OF AFRICAN CONTINENTAL FREE TRADE AREA (AfCFTA), ON THE CONTEMPORARY SUB-SAHARA AFRICAN POLICIES AND DIPLOMACY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

DATE: 29^th – 30^th APRIL, 2024

VENUE: UNIVERSITY OF MAIDUGURI, BORNO STATE, NIGERIA

ORGANIZER: NIGHTINGALE PUBLICATIONS AND RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL

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CONFERENCE ABSTRACT:

MODERATING EFFECT OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TAX REVENUE AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA.

LAWAL MOHAMMED PhD; & AUWALU INUSA, PhD.

International Centre of Excellence for Rural Finance and Entrepreneurship, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria

Abstract

This study examined the moderating effect of information and communication technology on the relationship between tax revenue and economic growth in Nigeria from 1994 to 2023. Tax revenue was measured by using the FIRS revenue collection and Customs and Excise Duties Collection from the Federal Inland Revenue Service and the Nigerian Customs Service. ICT was measured using ICT Gross Domestic Product and Real GDP were of Nigeria were Retrieved form the Central Bank of Nigeria statistical bulletin for the period of 1994 to 2023. The descriptive statistics result indicated that the data constituted thirty observations. The hypotheses tested revealed that FIRSTAX has positively impacted on Nigerian Economic Growth. Nigerian CSD was also positively significant on economic growth in Nigeria. Moreover, the third hypothesis indicated that ICT moderates the relationship between Tax revenue and Educational Growth in Nigeria. The result of the ordinary least square method analyzed using SPSS V 20 stated that the R value of and the R square value of 0.761 and 0.68 respectively indicted that there exists a significant relationship between the dependent, independent and the moderating variables of the OLS model estimated. It shows that the significant relationship is explained by 76.1 % and 68% of the values of the R and squared. It was recommended that the Federal Inland Revenue Service of Nigeria should improve the collection of Tax Revenue by taking the advantage of the ICT solutions. The government of Nigeria should improve on adherence to proper accountability and transparency in the disbursement of the tax revenue to the Nigerian society.

Keywords: Tax revenue, Technology, Economic growth, Budget, infrastructure.

ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENT HEALTH CHALLENGES OF OVERCROWDING ON MEDIUM SECURITY CUSTODIAL CENTERS IN NIGER STATE

KOLO, Mohammed; Prof. T.I. Yahaya

Department of Geography, Federal University of Technology, Minna

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to assess environmental health challenge of overcrowding in Medium Security Custodial Centers in Niger State. Previous studies have shown that prison overcrowding is a recurring problem for many prison administrations including the medium security custodial centers in Niger State. Prison inmates are crowded into dark, dirty cells, without adequate food, sanitation or health care. Some suffer permanent damage to their physical or mental health as a result. Four specific objectives were selected for the study; examine the factors for environmental health challenges in the study area; analyses the spatial-temporal availability of the facilities in the custodial centers; examine the effect of overcrowding on the inmate in the custodial centers; and examine the relationship between prison overcrowding and capacity of custodial center. The research design was descriptive explanatory, cross-sectional and non-experimental aimed to describe features of the population and explain the identified challenges, both qualitative (key informants’ interview) and quantitative (field survey, questionnaire). Data collection methods were employed. Primary data were collected directly from the field while secondary data was gathered from relevant literature. The study population included officials from three medium security custodial centers and the sample was purposely selected. Data analysis involved content analysis for qualitative data and SPSS for quantitative data. Results were presented using statistical tables and descriptive quotes. The study revealed that the inmates overcrowding had the positive effects on self-sustainability of inmates in the custodial centers and had a mean rated to 2.713 and standard deviation of .795 estimated to 79.5%. This implied that inmates overcrowding is the key contributing factors to poor inmates’ conditions in custodial centers in the study area. Findings revealed that the inmates overcrowding affected the self-sustainability of inmates in custodial centers in Niger State. This implied that custodial centers overcrowding is the key contributing factors to poor custodial centers conditions around the world. Overcrowding, as well as related problems such as lack of privacy, can also cause or exacerbate mental health problems, and increase rates of violence, self-harm and suicide.

Keywords: Environmental Health Challenge, Overcrowding and Medium Security Custodial Centers

OCCURRENCE OF COCCIDIOSIS AMONG BROILER CHICKENS IN SELECTED FARMS IN KAURA NAMODA TOWN, ZAMFARA STATE NIGERIA

¹UKATU, V. E. AND ²SANI K. A.

¹Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, Aliero, Nigeria. ²Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi state, Nigeria

ABSTRACT

Coccidiosis is an enteric parasitic disease caused by multiple species of the protozoan parasite of the genus Eimeria. The disease causes growth reduction, emaciation, anemia and mortality of chickens. This study investigated the occurrence of coccidiosis among Broiler chickens reared at SMG poultry farm, Magaji farm and Nana farm of Kauran Namoda Local government Area of Zamfara State. A total of one hundred 60 faecal samples were collected and analysed using standard parasitological methods. Parasite were identified using standard identification key. An overall occurrence of parasite in the examined samples was 14%. Six (6) different species parasite belonging to genus Eimeria were identified in this study, with Eimeria brunette having the highest occurrence while Eimeria necatrix had the lowest occurrence. Furthermore, study showed that SMG poultry farm chickens samples had the highest occurrence of the parasite (38.9%), followed by Magaji farm chickens samples (33.3%) and the least observed was among chickens found at Nana farm (27.8%). Statistically, This study showed no significance association (P<0.05) between the locations, body condition, gender, stage of development, nature of faeces of the broilers and the occurrence of the Coccidiosis. However high infection rate was observed in female, young, and chickens with poor body condition. Coccidiosis is an important disease of poultry in the study areas and further strategy needs to be implemented to reduce the loss broilers due to coccidiosis.

PERCEIVED EFFECTS OF SAVING MOBILIZATION SCHEME ON WOMEN INCOME STATUS IN NIGER STATE, NIGERIA

LAWAL, M., TSADO, J. H., AND UMAR, I. S.

Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, Federal University of Technology Minna.

ABSTRACT

The study examined the perceived effects of saving mobilization scheme on women income status in Niger State, Nigeria. A sample size of 181 women were selected from the state using four-stage sampling technique. Structured questionnaire complimented with interview scheduled were used for data collection. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (means, percentages and frequency counts) and Pearson Product Correlation Analysis. The findings revealed that the mean age of women in the study area was 35 years. The mean household size and years spent in formal education were 5 and 6 years respectively. The major informal saving pattern utilized by the respondents are saving with “daily thrift contribution” (92.30%) which ranked (1^st), “saving at home” (82.90%) (2^nd) and “Esusu” (79.60%) which ranked (3^rd) respectively. The semi-formal saving patterns adopted by the respondents include saving in “production and marketing cooperative” (85.60%) which ranked 1^st, saving in “savings and credit cooperative” (67.40%) (2^nd) while the use of commercial bank (83.40%) as formal means of saving was 1^st. The most perceived effects of SMS on women income status where SMS has increased my prowess to secure investment loan ( = 4.91) and SMS through informal and semi-formal sources failed to support my large investment ( = 4.83). It is recommended that officials of SMS should educate women on their respective activities and state in plain terms what members stand to benefit by joining the scheme. This will help in reducing doubts, risks and uncertainties among the women thus enhancing capital accumulation in the scheme and enhance the income status of women.

Keywords: Perceive effects; SMS; Women; Income Status; Nigeria.

KARYOTYPE ANALYSIS OF FIVE SOLANUM CULTIVARS

¹ATUGWU AGATHA IFEOMA , ¹OZOR, HARRISON. EJIOFOR AND ²NWEZE EMILIA IFEDILICHUKWU

¹Department of Crop Science , University of Nigeria Nsukka and ²Natural Science Unit, School of General Studies, University of Nigeria Nsukka.

ABSTRACT

The karyomorphology of five different cultivated varieties of Solanum species was studied to determine similarities and differences amongst the karyotypes and to provide diagnostic features of the different chromosomes in the haploid complement of each cultivar. Solanum exhibits certain morphological variations with respect to fruit size, fruit colour, flower colour leaf area leaf texture, etc. Therefore, five morphologically distinct cultivars were used for studies. It was observed that although the somatic chromosome number is the same (2n = 24) in all the cultivars studied, they differed markedly in their chromosome morphology and total haploid chromatin length. The total length of the haploid complement in the cultivars studied varied from749.04 – 1041.94 μm. All the varieties have comparable chromosome size, karyotype symmetry and chromosome types. Long arm/short arm ratio was the highest in cultivated variety – African eggplant, showing its advanced nature. Thus from the karyotype features, the varieties appear to be distinct. The five cultivated varieties of solanum species. have comparable chromosome size, karyotype symmetry and chromosome types. They exhibit close relationships with one another which indicate cross compatibility a tool for successful crop improvement through interspecific hybridization.

Keywords: Chromosome, Solanum, karyotype; symmetry

PHYSICS TEACHERS’ PERCEPTION ON THE ADEQUACY OF INFRASTRUCTURE IN THE EVALUATION OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PHYSICS CURRICULUM USING DAVIS PROCESS MODEL AMONG UNITY COLLEGES IN NORTH CENTRAL NIGERIA

FADIPE BAYO MICHAEL¹, PROF(MRS) GANA CELINA SHITMAN², ASS. PROF. A. A. HASSAM³. DR. U. D. ALHASSAN⁴

¹Department of Science Education, Veritas University Abuja.²School of Science and Technical Education Federal University of Technology Minna.³School of Science and Technical Education Federal University of Technology Minna. ³Department of Geophysics Federal University of Technology Minna.

ABSTR ACT

This study evaluated Physics teachers Perception on the adequacy of infrastructure in the evaluation of the implementation of Physics curriculum using Davis process model among unity colleges in North Central Nigeria. The study was guided by 2 objectives, 2 research questions and one null hypotheses. The study used a descriptive survey research design. The population for the study consists of the 84 Physics teachers in all the Unity colleges in North-central Nigeria, Purposive sampling was employed to select Niger, Nasarawa, and the Federal Capital Territory out of the seven states in North central, Nigeria. A sample size of 20 male teachers and 14 female Physics teachers were randomly selected from the Unity colleges in the three selected states and were used in the study. The questionnaires used for data collection in the study were based on Davis Process Model. It was validated by three experts. The questionnaire was trial tested and the data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using Cronbach Alpha Correlation Formula and reliability coefficient of 0.86 was obtained. Descriptive statistics of Mean and Standard Deviation were used to answer the research questions. Null hypotheses were analysed using Mann-Whitney U test. Findings of the study revealed that the taechers have positive perceptions on the adequacy of infrastructure towards the implementation of the Physics curriculum and the study also show that the null hypotheses were retained as there was no significant difference the perceptions of both male and female teachers on the availability of infrastructure for curriculum implementation. In light of the findings, it was recommended that, Physics teachers should have access to available infrastructure for effective curriculum implementation.

Key words: Evaluation, Physics, Teacher, Implementation, Curriculum, Davis Process model.

SERVICOM AND THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PUBLIC SERVICE REFORM IMPLEMENTATION IN SELECTED MINISTRIES IN NIGERIA

ABIMBOLA OLAJIDE OLABANJI; & PROF. ONI MICHAEL, ABIODUN

Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria

ABSTRACT

Efficient public service delivery is tied to a nation’s ability to foster economic growth, reduce poverty and promote inclusive progress through consistent reform implementation. Service Compact with all Nigerians (SERVICOM) plays a key role in guaranteeing accountability, openness, and citizen’s satisfaction in the public service. While reforms attempt frequently begin with good intentions, their implementation faces several challenges. These challenges have crippled the actual implementation of the public service reforms and their impact. This study therefore investigated SERVICOM and the implementation of public service reforms in selected federal ministries in Nigeria. The study adopted a convergent parallel research design. The population of the study was 953 SERVICOM officials from the Federal Ministry of Defence and Federal Ministry of Works. A sample size of 282 was determined using Taro Yamane’s formula. A Structured and Validated questionnaire was used to collect data. Quantitative data was analysed using inferential (Pearson correlation) statistics at 5% level of significance. Findings showed that there was a significant relationship between SERVICOM unit oversight function and reform implementation (r = 0.64, p < 0.05). The study concluded that SERVICOM plays a pivotal role in the implementation process of public service reforms, but is plagued with challenges as related to funding, bureaucracy and training. The study recommended that there is a need for enhanced oversight mechanisms by SERVICOM and improved funding by the government, for effective implementation of public service reforms.

Keywords: Ministry of Defence, Ministries of Works, Public service, Public service Reforms, SERVICOM

LITERATURE SURVEY ON RECENT TRENDS AND OPEN ISSUES IN POWER CONTROL OF RADIO ACCESS TECHNOLOGY FOR NEXT GENERATION MULTIPLE ACCESS SYSTEMS

ABUBAKAR BALA^1;JIBRIN DANLADI JIYA²; SA’ID MUSA YARIMA²; KABIRU ADAMU SA’IDU³; DANIEL HALILU BORSKGINCHIN⁴

¹Nigerian Army University Biu, Borno State, Nigeria. ^2,3Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria. ³Federal Polytechnic Kaltungo, Gombe State, Nigeria. ⁴Abubakar Tatari Ali Polytechnic Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria

Abstract

Power control represents a key degree of freedom in design of multiple access schemes such as in Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) and recently In Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) cellular systems. It offers huge benefits for effective and efficient operation of the system and improved Quality of Service (QoS). This paper reviewed the numerous techniques developed for power control in CDMA and in NOMA systems and the issues surfaced in all generations of its applicability. With the consideration of the mobile transmit power, the performance of different power control algorithms has been analyzed. The uplink power control was considered here, where large number of users in the wireless communication system competes over the channel resources. Various challenges involved in the power control were identified, attempt was made to examine different limitations and the possible solutions have been highlighted.

Keywords: CDMA, NOMA, 5G, 6G, BFA, LDS

EFFECT OF NANOADDITIVES ON BIOGAS AND METHANE PRODUCTION FROM ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF ORGANIC WASTE

AJAO MAJEED OPEYEMI¹, O.A OLGBOJI¹

Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State¹.

Abstract

Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a complicated biochemical processes, generating methane rich biogas from the process is a very challenging task. The continuous global increase in population and commercial activities which has resulted into high energy demand called for urgent need to optimize biogas generation from organic waste. However, nanotechnology can influence anaerobic digestion process of organic waste by stimulating methane production and improving process stability. This work reviews various researches on effect of nanoparticles on biogas production and methane yield which can be positive or negative effect. Metal oxides nanoparticles showed varying effects on biogas production depending on size, type, quantity of nanoparticles as well as the type of substrate used in the process. Ni and Co NPs which are categorized under zero valent metallic NPs show the most positive effect on biogas production and methane yield. Nano ash and nano carbon based NPs also showed positive effect on AD processes. Researches also showed that NPs greatly reduces H₂S content in the biogas. This paper therefore recommends the use of zero valent metallic NPs in optimizing biogas production and methane yield.

Keywords: Anaerobic digestion, Organic waste, Methane production, Nanoparticles, Biogas.

REVITALIZING MOBILITY THROUGH UNIFIED VEHICLE SECURITY AND TRACKING FOR ENHANCED IMPLEMENTATION

A. ABDULKAREEM, M. D. ALMUSTAPHA, U. F. ABDU-AGUYE, H. BELLO & H. ADAMU

Department of Electronics & Telecommunications Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria. 3Centre for Energy Research & Training, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.

Abstract

Contemporary society grapples with the significant challenge of ensuring vehicle safety, particularly in urban areas plagued by car theft and snatching. This study endeavors to advance existing efforts by creating a comprehensive vehicle security and tracking system utilizing cellular networks. The system integrates a specialized Passive Infra-Red (PIR) motion detector and surveillance camera module to monitor vehicle movement and capture theft incidents. Additionally, a sophisticated biometric thumbprint device is embedded in the steering for secure authentication. Powered by an Arduino Uno module with an aTmega328p microcontroller programmed with AT interface commands, the system facilitates seamless communication between software and hardware components. Leveraging wireless technology, it enables efficient car tracking. Through the implementation of a cost-effective microcontroller-based solution, this research achieves heightened functionality and efficiency, outperforming previous endeavors with a reliability rate of 87%.

Keywords: Vehicle surveillance system; monitoring system; biometric system; microcontroller; communication; GSM.

SYSTEMIC REVIEW OF GEOTHERMAL ENERGY EXPLORATION AS AN ALTERNATIVE SOURCE OF ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY IN NIGERIA

¹SUNDAY AYIGUN, ²ORKAA MNONGO STEPHEN & ¹TANTASSO SABO

¹Department of Physics with Electronics Federal Polytechnic Mubi, Adamawa State Nigeria.

²Department of Radiography and Radiation Science, Benue State University, Makurdi Benue State Nigeria.

Abstract

This paper focuses on the systemic review of geothermal energy exploration as an alternative source of energy sustainability in Nigeria, with the objectives to examine the significance of magnetic and radiometric data interpretation using Oasis Montaj and ArcGIS software in the area of geothermal energy exploration, to examine the impact of radiometric data interpretation for the purpose of geothermal energy exploration, and to determine the way forward for geothermal energy exploration in Nigeria. Previous research work was reviewed based on the reviewed papers. Magnetic, Gravity, and Radiometric data interpretation has revealed some potential zones for geothermal energy sources in different parts of Nigeria. There is a need to intensify efforts through the use of intergration geophysical methods in order to detect potential zones with high geothermal energy sources for exploitation and exploration that can be harnessed for industrial and domestic use in Nigeria. The federal government of Nigeria needs to invest more in the area of renewable energy technology for the purpose of energy sustainability in Nigeria.

Key words: Geothermal, Energy, Magnetic data, Radiometric data, Exploration, Exploitation and Nigeria

POSTHARVEST ASSESSMENT OF MILLED RICE GRAIN QUALITY PARAMETERS FOR THREE VARIETIES OF UPLAND RICE GROWN IN MUBI ADAMAWA STATE, NIGERIA.

¹HUSSAINI, M. S., ²GABI, M. N. AND ³ABDULHAMID, Y.

¹Department of Agricultural and Bio-Environmental Engineering Technology Federal Polytechnic, P.M.B. 35 Mubi, Adamawa State. ²Department of Plant Resources, Agricultural Research Council of Nigeria, Mabushi, Abuja. ³Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Potiskum, Yobe State.

Abstract

The three varieties of upland paddy rice cultivated and harvested, the engineering quality parameters that aimed at evaluating highest quality paddy rice were determined. The parameters evaluated were 1000g weight, paddy shape, percentage broken grains, percentage immature grains and percentage dockage paddy for Narica A-f2, Faro 59 and Champa Chines paddy. The data obtained were subjected to Microsoft word excel 2010 vision for data analysis. Statistical table’s charts was used for results presentations The results obtained for the three varieties were 30g weight for Narica A-f2, 20g for Faro 59 and 30g weight for Champa paddy respectively. Other parameters were percentage broken grains (0.35%, 0.28% and 0.26%), percentage immature grains (0.28%,, 0.16% and 0.14%), and percentage dockage paddy (2.5%, 3.2% and 3.0%) for Narica A-f2, Faro 59 and Champa Chines Paddy respectively.

Keywords; Quality assessment, Milled rice grain, Upland rice, Variety.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE COMBUSTION BEHAVIOR OF ADULTERATED KEROSENE FUEL SAMPLES IN A PRESSURIZED COOKING STOVE

SIBEUDU CHIWETALU EMENIKE

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal Polytechnic Oko.

Abstract

This research investigates the combustion behavior of adulterated kerosene fuel samples in a pressurized cooking stove, aiming to assess the impact of fuel adulteration on combustion efficiency and emissions. Adulteration of kerosene fuel is a prevalent issue in many regions, often leading to detrimental effects on both human health and the environment. Using a pressurized cooking stove as the combustion environment, this study employs a comparative analysis approach to examine the combustion characteristics, including flame stability, heat release rate, and emissions profiles, of various adulterated kerosene samples. Experimental tests are conducted under controlled conditions to simulate real-world cooking scenarios. The results obtained provide valuable insights into the combustion behavior of adulterated kerosene fuels and contribute to understanding the implications of fuel adulteration on cooking efficiency and environmental pollution. This research underscores the importance of addressing fuel quality control measures and promoting the use of clean and safe energy sources for cooking applications, particularly in regions where kerosene fuel adulteration is prevalent.

Keywords: Adulterated kerosene, Combustion behavior, Pressurized cooking stove, Fuel quality, Emissions profiling

DETERMINATION OF OPTIMAL TEMPERATURE AND PH OF LIPASE ENZYME EXTRACTED FROM BENI SEED AND BAMBARA NUTS

*¹EGBI, T.K., ¹ASAKE, O.J., ¹EMELOGU, J.N., ¹AHIAUKWU, J.A.

¹National Biotechnology Development Agency ,Abuja, Nigeria. ²Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria

ABSTRACT

Lipase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ester bonds in substrates such as phospholipids, triglycerides and cholesteryl esters. Lipase (E.C. 3.1.1.3) was extracted from germinating bambara groundnut and beniseed and assayed using 0.1M phosphate buffer pH 8. The crude lipases showed optimum activity at pH 8.0 and temperature of 50⁰C for Beniseed and pH 9.0 and temperature of 40⁰C for Bambara groundnut. The Km and Vmax of lipase from Beniseed was observed to be 26.3416mg and 0.0076μm mL^-1 min^-1 respectively while that of lipase from Bambara groundnut was observed to be 21.141mg and 0.0058μm mL^-1 min^-1. Lipase from germinated Bambara groundnut and Beniseeds has various industrial applications following its thermo stability and alkaline pH making them of greater importance in processes that require minimal corrosion problems.

IN VITRO EVALUATION OF SOME FUNGICIDAL BIOACTIVE CHEMICALS AGAINST FUSARIUM SPORE GERMINATION AND SURVIVAL

SALITH, H. S^1*, EZEOFOR A. O.¹, HASSAN, S. A.¹, ABDUL-HADI, J. S.¹, IWEAJUNWA S. O.¹, ONWUZULIKE, A. N.¹ AND ODI-AKPA C. V.¹

National Biotechnology Research and Development Agency (NBRDA), Abuja, Nigeria

Abstract

The genus Fusarium are the most important pathogens associated with different plants including crop plants, fruits, vegetables, etc. causing of constrained production and productivity crops. Bioactive compounds are environmentally friendly and amenable. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of some bio-active compounds derived from Bacillus strain for the in vitro control of Fusarium mold. Seven (7) isolates of the Fusarium complex were isolated from various stored fruits, vegetables and food grains using Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) media supplemented with antibacterial agent. The growth and survival of the respective spores were challenged with supernatants of overnight-grown culture of Bacillus subtilis TC17 for 20 minutes. The supernatant prevented the germination of spores of some fungi strains in the order; F. solani, F. oxysporum, F. equiseti, F. acuminatum, F. proliferatum, F. moniliforme and F. tricinctum against control. Therefore, this research showed that the bio-active agent can be used to control the pervasive plant pathogenic fungal species with outstanding result and therefore should be developed further for registration for commercial applications.

Keywords: Bio-control, Fungi, Bacillus, Fusarium, Spore, Survival and Supernatant

LIMITATIONS TO PRIMARY HEALTH CARE SERVICES BY RURAL FARMERS IN NIGER STATE, NIGERIA.

AJAKAIYE OLATUNBOSUN BOLASHADE (PhD)

Department of Agricultural Technology, School of Agricultural Technology, Kogi State Polytechnic, Itakpe. [Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Prince Abubakar Audu University, Anyigba].

Abstract

Primary Health Care Services in rural Niger State is yet to reach a large number of farming population. The majority of the farming households have limited access to Primary Health Care Services due to a number of limitations. This paper aimed at discovering the major limitations to Primary Health Care Services by rural farmers in Niger State, Nigeria. The objective was to test for the hypothesis whether there exist any significant relationship between limitations of rural farmers and Primary Health Care Services. A multi-stage sampling procedure was adopted to select 360 rural farmers from the three agricultural zones in Niger State. Data was obtained using structured questionnaire and personal interviews. Data was analyzed using Inferential Statistics and Ordinary Least Squares OLS model to test the study hypothesis. The findings revealed that there exist significant relationship and strong association between Primary Health Care Services and rural farmers’ limitations in the study area. The results also showed that the major socio-economic limitations were: illiteracy of farmers, poverty, high cost of drugs. The environmental limitations were: poor working conditions, dilapidated health care services and high transport cost. The institutional limitations includes: inadequate essential drugs, poor laboratory services, poor access to pipe-borne water and unawareness to Primary Health Care Services. Education, empowerment, provision of pipe-borne water, supply of essential drugs at subsidized prices as well as creation of awareness to the rural dwellers about the Primary Health Care programs were recommended.

Keywords: Limitations, PHC, Rural Farmers, OLS model.

EFFECT OF PRIMARY MORTGAGE INSTITUTIONS IN NIGERIA ECONOMY

*DARAMOLA ELIZABETH LARA; **NWOKENKWO BEN OLUBUNMI; & ***MOHAMMED DANASABE USMAN

*Departmen of Business Administration and Management, Federal Polytechnic, Bida. **Department of Marketing, Federal Polytechnic, Bida. ***Department of Business Administration, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai Niger State.

Abstract

The importance of primary mortgage institutions’ investments in the expansion and improvement of an economy cannot be underestimated. This is because mortgage institutions is one of fundamental necessities. This study investigate the impact of primary mortgage institution in Nigeria. This study adopted ex-post facto research method. The study made use of secondary data that was gathered and received from the Central Bank of Nigeria’s (CBN) annual reports. The information gathered were on Primary Mortgage Institutions Loans (PMIL), Primary Mortgage Institutions Deposits (PMID) and Primary Mortgage Institutions Investment (PMII) which spans a 22-year period, from 2001 to 2022. The regression results from the three hypotheses shows that Primary Mortgage Institutions Loans (PMIL) and Primary Mortgage Institutions Investment (PMII) have positive and significant effect on Real Estate to GDP (P<0.05) while Primary Mortgage Institutions Deposits (PMID) have no significant effect on Real Estate to GDP (P>0.05) in Nigeria. The study therefore recommends that the regulatory body should set reasonable interest rates for mortgage loans to assist people with typical incomes to acquire credit that they can afford to repay. The Federal government, through the Central Bank of Nigeria, should make steps to re-capitalize this class of financial institutions in order to restructure the operations of Primary Mortgage Institutions in Nigeria.

Keywords: Primary Mortgage Institutions, Mortgage Financing.

ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF FUNGI ASSOCIATED WITH THE SPOILAGE OF SMOKED FISH

^*1IDRIS, H.A., ¹MALIKI, H.S., ¹MUSTAPHA, F.A.,¹AISHA,M.B., ¹MAIDAWA, G.L.,¹OKOYE,C.I., ¹OGBU, L.C., ¹YUSUF,S.K.

¹National Biotechnology Development Agency, Abuja, Nigeria

ABSTRACT

Smoked catfish (Clariasgariepinus) is one of the most popular types, of fish products sold in Bidamarkets, Niger state, Nigeria. A research is conducted on the smoked catfish vended in the markets with the aim of providing firsthand information on the safety issues associated with the consumption of this fish. A total of five (5) samples were collected from (5) different locations in Bida. The samples were analyzed using pour plate method on Sabourgaud Dextrose Agar (SDA) to determine fungal isolates. The isolates were characterized by macroscopic and microscopic characteristics. The result from this study revealed a highest mean fungal count of 9l.0±5.566CFU/mL from smoked catfish obtained from Old market. The least fungal count of 48.0±11.31CFU/mL was found from the smoked fish obtained from Big gate. The result also revealed the presence of five different fungal species associated with the smoked catfish samples with Aspergillusniger as the most prevalent 30.7%, followed by Aspergillusglaucus 21.2%, Rhizomucorsp 19.2%, Trichophytontansurans 15.3% and Mucorsp were the least abundant fungal species on the smoked catfish accounted for 13.5% each. The present level of fungal contamination of the smoked catfish can probably be either due to the level of moisture in the smoked catfish or unhygienic handling. Attention of the healthcare providers and the authorities concerned is therefore needed towards orienting the retailers and the consumers towards proper methods of storing such smoked fish, and that the consumers have to properly boil the fish before consumption.

OPTIMIZATION OF A PALM OIL PROCESSING SYSTEM USING A SMART SYSTEM

DR, EHIBE PRINCE¹ & ENGR, UBANI AJUZIEOGU CHRISTIAN²

¹Abia state polytechnic Aba, Department of Electrical Electronic Engineering Nigeria. ²Abia state polytechnic Aba, Department of Mechanical Engineering Nigeria.

Abstract

The palm oil industry, a cornerstone of agricultural economies, faces challenges in enhancing efficiency, sustainability, and yield. This abstract outlines the development and implementation of a smart system for optimizing palm oil processing, addressing these challenges through data-driven insights and automation. Leveraging advancements in smart sensor and automation technologies, the proposed system integrates sensor networks throughout the processing chain to collect real-time data on various parameters such as temperature, moisture, and pressure. The collected data is processed and analyzed using advanced machine learning algorithms to identify patterns, predict potential bottlenecks, and optimize process parameters. By employing predictive maintenance algorithms, the system enables proactive identification of equipment failures, reducing downtime and maintenance costs. Furthermore, by optimizing process parameters based on real-time data analytics, the system enhances oil extraction efficiency, minimizes energy consumption, and reduces environmental impact. The smart system’s user interface provides operators with actionable insights and recommendations, facilitating informed decision-making and continuous improvement. Through iterative optimization and feedback mechanisms, the system adapts to dynamic operational conditions, ensuring continuous performance enhancements.

Keywords: Palm Oil Processing, Optimization, Smart System, Data Analytics, sustainability.

FOOD PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY: A REVIEW

GANIYU, A. ADEWALE¹; MUNIRU, A. TAIWO² AND ABIODUN, M. ABAYOMI3

¹Food Technology Department, Federal Institute of Industrial Research, Oshodi, Lagos. ²Food Science and Technology Department, the Federal Polytechnic, Bida, Niger State. ³Human Nutrition and Dietetics Department, the Federal Polytechnic, Bida, Niger State

ABSTRACT

Food processing is any deliberate change in a food that occurs before it’s available for us to eat. It can be as simple as freezing or drying food to preserve nutrients and freshness, or as complex as formulating a frozen meal with the right balance of nutrients and ingredient. Historically, the most important reason to process or prepare foods has been to make them last longer before spoiling. However, with increasing industrialisation, the needs of consumers have become more diverse and there is now increasing demand for ‘fresh’ and ‘organic’ foods, ‘safer and healthier’ foods and foods with adequate shelf life. Consumers expect better quality foods with retention of nutrients, many a time having specific functional properties and taste, texture, and consistency, while being shelf-stable and easy to package, store and transport. This has served as a stimulus to Food scientists to develop methods and techniques to process foods in a manner that the food products will meet the requirements and demands of the consumers. The aim of this article is to review in brief the various technological processes which are usually adapted in food during their preparation.

Keywords: food processing

ABSTRACT NO.2

EFFECTS OF URBAN SPRAWL ON LAND SURFACE TEMPERATURE IN ABUJA MUNICIPAL AREA COUNCIL, FEDERAL CAPITAL TERRITORY, NIGERIA

AGBESE, DANIEL OCHIMA; PROF. S.Y. MOHAMMED; DR. M.A. EMIGILATI

Department of Geography, Federal University of Technology, Minna.

Abstract

This paper aim to assess the impact of urban sprawl on Land Surface Temperature (LST) in Abuja Municipal Area Council (AMAC), Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria. The study covered the period 2001 to 2023, employing a comprehensive methodology that integrates remote sensing, geospatial and statistical analysis. Spatio-temporal changes in urban sprawl are examined using Landsat satellite imagery (2001, 2006, 2011, 2016 and 2023). Supervised classification in ArcGIS Pro distinguishes classes such as built-up areas, water bodies, bareland and vegetation, ArcGIS Pro was employed to assess LST trend. A historical overview precedes quantitative analysis using regression models, highlighting the correlation between years and LST. Regression equations and R² values quantify the rate and consistency of temperature changes in various wards of AMAC, LST assessment for years under study was done with Landsat data transformed using radiance conversion formulas and TOA brightness temperature. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Proportional Vegetation Index (Pv) the calculations enhance accuracy. SPSS analysis establishes the statistical relationship between LST (dependent) and Urban Sprawl (independent), The land use/cover analysis across five years reveals significant shifts. In 2001, built-up areas covered 8.20%, increasing to 29.61% in 2023, indicating substantial urban expansion. Bareland and vegetation experienced notable changes, reflecting urbanization impacts on land use patterns, LST trends demonstrate a consistent increase from 2001 to 2023, indicating a warming climate. The Urban Heat Island effect is evident in areas like City Center 1, Garki 1 and Wuse, experiencing higher temperatures due to urbanization. The strong correlation (R²=0.934) between years and urban sprawl, with an average annual increase of 12.908 km², emphasizes the substantial and consistent nature of urban sprawl in the area, the relationship between LST and urban sprawl is explored through regression analysis, revealing a high correlation (R²=0.947). Urban sprawl significantly influences LST (F=71.679, p<0.001), explaining 94.7% of temperature variability. The model predicts a temperature increase of 0.6°C per year due to urban sprawl. The study concluded that there is substantial correlation between urban sprawl and LST, emphasizing the significant impact of rapid urbanization on local temperature dynamics and there is an upward trend in LST. The study recommends that Community engagement programs and workshops can empower citizens with knowledge about sustainable practices, encouraging them to actively participate in local initiatives with facilitation of community-driven projects, such as tree planting campaigns or green space preservation efforts, to promote environmental stewardship.

Keywords: Urban sprawl, Land surface temperature, Urban Heat Island and AMAC

COMPUTER SOLUTION TO REPLACEMENT MODELS FOR ITEMS THAT FAILS SUDDENLY

ABDULLAHI ALIYU; & A.E OKEYINKA

Department of Computer Science, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University Lapai, Niger State, Nigeria.

Abstract

Replacement theory is used in the decision making process of replacing a used equipment with a substitute; mostly a new equipment of better usage. The problem of replacement arises when any one of the components of productive resources, such as; machinery, building and men deteriorates due to time or usage; therefore, the replacement might be necessary due to the deteriorating property or failure or breakdown of particular equipment. A program was then written in C++ to compute the replacement metrics. The number of unit replacement was accepted as 10000, the probabilities for p1 to p10 were considered. The value for the costs of replacement was accepted as N300. The mean life failure at long run was computed as 3.3 weeks and the average rate of failure in the long run was computed as 3030 per week. Individual replacement time was computed as 151.5 per week and the group replacement policy was then computed for week 1, 2, 3, and 4 as 300, 150, 133.33, and 150 respectively. The comparisons were done on the group replacement time for week 1 to 4, and the minimum cost replacement time is N133.33 per week. Therefore, the cost of replacement time is due at every three weeks.

Key Words: Replacement, Policy, Group replacement, Individual replacement, Paise, Items, Suddenly.

ASSESSMENT OF ACCESS TO IMMUNIZATION SERVICES IN KWAMI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF GOMBE STATE, NIGERIA

*BILKISU YAYAJI AHMED; **SANI DAYYABU; & *AISHA BABA SAIDU

*Department of Geography, State University, Gombe, Nigeria. **Department of Geography, Federal University of Kashere, Gombe State, Nigeria.

ABSTRACT

The aim of this research is to find out the access to immunization services in kwami LGA of Gombe State, Nigeria, from 2017 to 2020. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the data collected from Primary and Secondary sources. Interview with two medical practitioners one from Cottage Hospital Malam-sidi and the second from Primary Healthcare Centre Gadam and Focus Group Discussion was conducted with Mothers of children accessing immunization on the challenges faced by them when accessing the immunization services. The results show that the total number of children that have accessed immunization service is uneven. For the years 2017 to 2020 44787 children started immunization that is BCG vaccine, and 40156 children fully completed the vaccination that is measles vaccination. The wards with the highest number of children vaccinated are Komfulata with 8168 (20.34%), Malamsidi with 4557 (11.35%), then Dukkul with 4455 (11.09%).There is a high rate of completion of immunization in kwami from the records collected for the year 2017 to 2020 (89%) of the children that started immunization completed their vaccination. The major challenges faced when accessing the services are; Transportation with 40%, Vaccine hesitancy with 35%, unavailability of vaccines such as; HPV, inactivated polio virus (IPV), and Rotavirus in the healthcare centres10% as a result of gully erosion ,also displacement in such places such as Doho, Dukkul, Malleri have prevented people from accessing immunization services. The study recommends that cold chain equipment should be provided to keep the vaccines effective, government should come with education programme that target poor people to be able to make informed decisions regarding immunization of their children, government should conduct enlightenment campaigns on the importance of immunization to children, Improve the supply of vaccines making sure there are accurate prediction about what, where and how vaccines are needed in crucial to this work, improving access to immunization service, and reducing child morbidity and mortality in the study area.

Key words: Access, Immunization, and Services.

INVESTIGATING THE INFLUENCE OF LEAN CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES ON THE COST PERFORMANCE OF CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS IN NIGERIA

A. YARO¹, A.D. ADAMU², I. SAIDU³, AND M. O. ANIFOWOSE⁴

Department of Quantity Surveying, Federal University of Technology Minna

Abstract

In recent discussions about the optimisation of construction processes, the concept of lean construction has emerged as a promising avenue for confronting the industry’s numerous challenges and elevating project performance to new heights. Lean construction is based on the principle of maximising value while minimising waste, which resonates strongly with the modern ethos of sustainability and resource optimisation. Hence, the purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of lean construction techniques on cost performance of construction projects in Nigeria. The study adopted quantitative method to collect data from 294 participants. The study used a descriptive analytical method, using the Mean item Score (MIS) to analyse the collect data. The findings revealed that all the lean construction techniques have an influence on the cost performance of construction projects, with 5S (Sort, Straighten, Shine, Standardise, and Sustain) ranking topmost. The findings of this study will help to provide empirical evidence of the effectiveness of lean construction techniques in the Nigerian construction industry context, filling a significant gap in the existing body of knowledge.

KEYWORDS: Lean, construction, performance, cost, project

MATHEMATICAL MODELLING ON DRUG ADDICTION WITH AWARENESS CONTROL

¹JAMES ANDRAWUS; ¹KABIRU GARBA IBRAHIM; ¹IBRAHIM ABDULLAHI; ²ABBAS. ABUBAKAR; & ³STEPHEN ISHAYA MAIWA

^1*Department of Mathematics, Federal University Dutse, 7150 Jigawa, Nigeria. ²Department of Statistics, Jigawa State Polytechnic, Dutse, 7040 Jigawa, Nigeria. ³Department of Matthematics, Federal University Birnin Kebbi, Nigeria

Abstract:

A drug is any substance capable of altering the functioning of a person’s body and mind.
In this paper, a deterministic nonlinear model was adapted to investigate the behavior of drug
abuse and addiction that incorporates intervention in the form of awareness and rehabilitation.
In the mathematical analysis part, the positivity and boundedness of the solution has been ascertained, existence of drugs equilibria has also been ascertained, which shows that, the model consist of two equilibrium, the DFE (drug-free equilibrium) with DEEP (drug endemic equilibrium point). The DFE was found to be both GAS (globally and locally asymptotically stable) if R₀ < 1. Global asymptotic stability of drug endemic equilibrium point (DEEP) has
been ascertained using nonlinear Lyapunov function of Go-Volterra type, which reveals that,
the DEEP is globally asymptotically stable if basic reproduction number is greater than unity
and ₁ = ₂ = 0. Numerical simulation of model (1) reveals that, awareness rate of public drugs users and rehabilitation rate of addicted users are very important parameter to
control drug addictive in a society.

Keywords: Awareness control, Drug Addict, mathematical modeling, basic reproduction number.

IMPACT OF CLIMATE VARIABILITY ON SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF KAMUKU NATIONAL PARK BIRNIN GWARI, KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA

HARUNA, AUDU YAKUBU; & PROF. T.I. YAHAYA

Department of Geography, Federal University of Technology, Minna.

Abstract

Temperature and rainfall are the climate variables most serious with regard to food systems, because not only does the range between high and low value matter, but also the severity and occurrence of their extremes. Climate variability and change is one of the most significant environmental, social and economic risks the world has ever faced. It is arguably the greatest modern danger to ecosystems services, biodiversity and livelihood of poor forest fringe populations in developing countries. Developing countries notably the poorest people in these countries are the most sensitive to the harmful impacts of climatic variability. Field observation was carried out in order to ensure the validity of information obtained from questionnaire and discussion with the park ranger’s and villagers. Field observation was also helped in checking the adaptation and mitigation method put in place by both the park management and villagers to cope with effect of climate variability. This study target both pioneer’s serving and non-serving staff of kamuku national park and indigenous household members who are above 30 years of age for the focus group discussion and key informant interview because of their experience in the study area. Consultation will be made with the village heads, non governmental organization such savana conservation and the first (GM) and present Kamuku National Park Conservators (CP). In addition, the annual rainfall of the study area and the highest was recorded in the year 2020 with an annual rainfall value of 2272.4 mm and the least was recorded in the year 2004 with an annual rainfall value of 848.5 mm. Furthermore, the annual rainfall of the study area was on increased despite the fluctuation. This implies that the flora and fauna within the Kamuku National Park will continue to enjoy good annual rainfall and increase in density and the socio-economic lives of the people living in the study area is properly check.

Keywords: Climate Variability, Sustainable Management and Kamuku National Park

LIMITATIONS TO PRIMARY HEALTH CARE SERVICES BY RURAL FARMERS IN NIGER STATE, NIGERIA.

AJAKAIYE OLATUNBOSUN BOLASHADE (PhD)

Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Prince Abubakar Audu University, Anyigba.

Abstract

Keywords: Limitations, PHC, Rural Farmers, OLS model.

ENHANCED DETECTION OF PARTIAL SHADING VIA GLOBAL MAXIMUM POWER POINT TRACKING TO OPTIMIZE PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY SYSTEMS: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF TECHNICAL LITERATURE.

A. ABDULKAREEM, H. BELLO, M. D. AL MUSTAPHA, U. F. ABDU-AGUYE & H. ADAMU

Department of Electronics & Telecommunications Engineering; 3Centre for Energy Research & Training, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria Corresponding

Abstract:

Photovoltaic (PV) technology is increasingly recognized worldwide as a top-tier alternative energy source, owing to its renewable nature and eco-friendliness. The efficiency of PV systems hinges largely on solar irradiation levels, which dictate power generation. However, partial shading, often caused by environmental factors like passing clouds, impedes optimal irradiation and consequently diminishes PV output. To address this issue, Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) techniques have been explored and refined to maximize power output from PV systems under shading conditions. This paper presents a comprehensive review of methods aimed at optimizing power generation from PV technology amidst shading challenges.

Keywords/Index Terms: PV, MPPT, Partial Shading Conditions, Solar Irradiation

ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF FUNGI ASSOCIATED WITH DETERIORATED COCOYAM

ABUBAKAR, Z. I.; IDRIS, H.A.; MALIKI, H.S.; MUSTAPHA, F.A.; ABDALLAH, H.Y.; AISHA, M. B.; OGBU, L. C.; & YUSUF,S.K.

National Biotechnology Development Agency, Abuja, Nigeria

ABSTRACT

One of the food crops which provides plenty yield of root and foliage is known as cocoyam. Fungal species are paramount causative agents responsible for the spoilage of Cocoyam. This study seeks to identify various Fungi associated with deterioration of cocoyam. Samples of the Cocoyam were obtained from three markets within Bida local government in Niger state. The markets include; small market, old market (Etsu Musa) and New market (Gwadabe). A total of 30 tubers were collected, ten from each market. Enumeration technique was carried out using pour plate method to isolate the fungi causing spoilage. From the results obtained a total of five fungal were isolated using Potato DextroseAgar and identified as:Aspergillusfiavus, AspergillusnigerMucorracemosus, Rhizopusstolonfer and Rhizopousoryzae. The most prevalent was Aspergillusflavus 42.5% and Mucorracemosus with less than 10%. The highest fungal count was recorded at Old market (Etsu Musa) 4.3 x 10⁶ and lowest fungal load was recorded at Gwadabe(New market) 1.2x 10⁴. The fungal species isolated in this study are said to be pathogenic and cause spoilage of Colocasiaesculenta. Their presence poses a threat to consumers and economic loss to farmers. This study has raised a concern over public health risk associates with consumption of deteriorated Cocoyam. Proper storage, packaging, handling with good transportation should be taken to reduce the occurrence and deterioration of Cocoyam by these fungi.

PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF SEED ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF AFRICAN WALNUT ON SELECTED PATHOGENS

EMELOGU, J.N.; EGBI, T.K.; & AHIAUKWU, J. A.

National Biotechnology Development Agency, Abuja, Nigeria. ²Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria.

ABSTRACT

African walnuts is a member of the euphorbiaceae the genus plukentia. Phytochemical and antimicrobial activities of African walnut (Teracarpidium conophorum) ethanolic extract were investigated. The effect of this seed was examined on 3 selected groups of microorganisms. Escherichia coliwere selected among gram negative bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus among gram positive bacteria. While among group of fungi Candida albican was selected. The extraction of active substance was done by soaking the dried powered seed in ethanol for 72hours and it was evaporated using water bath at required temperature. Disc diffusion method was used for examination of antimicrobial activities of the extract. Result shows that the extract has little effect on Escherichia coli, it has no effect on Staphylococcus aureusas well as Candida albican. Phytochemical Constituents presence were alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, tannis, sapannin, glycosides and anthiaquinones. The presence of these phytochemical constituents supports its uses in herbal medicine as therapeutic agent. More research has to be done on the importance of oil fraction of this seed plant.

AFRICAN CONTINENTAL FREE TRADE AREA (AFCFTA) AGREEMENT: HOMEGROWN OR ANOTHER EXTERNAL IMPOSITION?

*KARIM ADAMU MAMUDU; **HARRIET EFANODOR-OBETEN; & **OZEKHOME G. IGECHI.

*Department of Public Administration, Auchi Polytechnic, Edo State, Nigeria. **Department of Political Science and Public Administration, Edo State University, Uzairue, Nigeria.

Abstract

The establishment of the African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA) in 2018 came as yet another effort by African leaders to provide a way out of the woes for African economies. A close look at the agreement shows shows a linkage with the Economic Partnership Agreement between European Union and the African Caribbean and Pacific countries (EU-ACP) with focus on Africa. While it has some prospect because it contain certain packages that previous agreements towards the continent integration and development failed to have, there are some curiosity that raises disturbing questions such as; was the AfCFTA an African initiative or an external imposition? What is the philosophical bases of AfCFTA? The research is exploratory hence a qualitative research methodology was adopted and materials like textbooks, journals and online evidence related to the topic were used as a means of acquiring information to validate the objective of this study. Findings reveals that AfCFTA adopted the western liberal economic model that recognizes market autonomy, non-interference from government in production process and protection of intellectual property rights amongst others. Secondly, AfCFTA was an imposition rather than an African initiative. The work recommends African leaders to develop home grown strategies that takes into cognizance the peculiarities of Africa development problems.

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF TRAFFIC VIOLATION DETECTION SYSTEM USING RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION (RFID)

BUSARI OLUKAYODE AYODEJI, ONI ADEKUNLE AKEEM, AFENIFERE YUSUF BABATUNDE, ADEAGA IYABO IBIYEMI

Department of Computer Engineering, the Polytechnic, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria

ABSTRACT:

Road transport is the most usually used mode of movement because of its ease, low fee and availability to the common man. According to the survey report majority of the road accidents are because of negligence of road usage policies and rules by the road users. The report says that rate of accidents due to reckless driving is very high compared to accidents due to drink-driving. Reduction of the quantity of accidents and mitigation in their effects are a huge problem for traffic authorities, the automobile enterprise and transport research groups. One critical line of action includes the use of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS), these systems are quite present in commercial automobiles today, and future developments suggest that better protection might be accomplished through automated driving controls and an increasing number of sensors both on the road infrastructure and the automobile itself. However useful, these systems are inoperative in case of unexpected road circumstances, which would need the use of dynamically-generated digital maps. The key idea offered by this paper is to use Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology to tag the warning signals placed in the dangerous portions of the road. RFID technology features include monitoring systems to avoid vehicle theft, access control to car parking or private areas, and embedding of RFID tags in license plates with specially coded IDs for automatic vehicle detection and identification. The results were satisfactory, and if the prototype is adopted, drivers can be remotely monitored and caught when they violate traffic rules.

KEY WORDS: Radio frequency identification, traffic violation system, passive RFID tags, middleware system, detections, features

CORRELATES OF USAGE OF INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNOLOGY AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF STUDENTS IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN FEDERAL CAPITAL TERRITORY

ALIYU ABDULMUMINI ABBA

ADR. COELEGS, Misau Bauchi State

ABSTRACT

The study, Challenges of availability and usage of Multimedia Instructional materials in secondary schools: a case study of Federal Government Colleges in Abuja, is conducted to examine the level of availability of multimedia equipment and materials in secondary schools and the extent of the use of multimedia resources in classroom instruction. It also embarked on the need to ascertain the major factors challenging the successful utilization of the technology in classroom teaching. A survey method was used. One hundred questionnaires (100) were administered to one hundred teachers (100) randomly selected from the seven Federal Government Colleges in Abuja. The data collected was analyzed using simple percentages. The findings were; teachers are aware of multimedia instructional technolog and the availability of multimedia equipment and materials is grossly inadequate. The major factor challenging the utilization of the resources in classroom instruction is lack of computer literacy among teachers in the colleges. As a result of the findings, it was recommended that the Federal Ministry of Education should sponsor the teachers to a skill acquisition training in computer operation and provide the necessary multimedia equipment and materials in the colleges.

THE AFRICA CONTINENTAL FREE TRADE AGREEMENT (AFCFTA) AND WOMEN’S ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT IN AFRICA: A CRITICAL REVIEW

*IBRAHIM MOHAMMED JAMILU; **ABUBAKAR ILIYASU; & ***OLABISI IRENE ESHO-THAKMA

*Department of Cooperative Economics & Management, Federal Polytechnic Mubi, Adamawa State. **Department of Biomedical Technology, Federal Polytechnic, Mubi, Adamawa State. ***Department of Business Administration & Management, Federal Polytechnic, Mubi, Adamawa State.

Abstract

The African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA) stands as a monumental policy reform with the potential to reshape Africa’s economic landscape. This review paper critically assesses the AfCFTA’s implications for women’s economic empowerment, particularly in the agriculture, manufacturing, and service sectors. It scrutinizes the agreement’s capacity to foster gender equality and enhance women’s participation in the economy, juxtaposed against the challenges and opportunities it presents. Employing a gender-sensitive macroeconomic framework, the analysis delves into the AfCFTA’s impact on women’s economic outcomes, advocating for policy interventions that ensure equitable benefits. The review synthesizes findings from existing literature and the World Bank Group’s annual reports, identifying research lacunae and proposing future investigative directions. The paper underscores the necessity of embedding gender perspectives within macroeconomic policies to actualize inclusive growth and achieve sustainable development goals in Africa.

ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY IN NIGERIA: PATHWAY TO NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT

SUNDAY DAVID NAJOJI

School of Science and Technology, Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Federal Polytechnic Damaturu, PMB 1006 Damaturu, Yobe State, Nigeria.

Abstract

Nigeria faces challenges in achieving sustainable development, including inadequate energy supply, which hinders economic growth and social progress. To achieve energy sustainability, Nigeria needs to implement strategies such as supportive policies, research development, infrastructure improvement, capacity building, international partnerships, private sector engagement, awareness raising, and behavioural change. This will drive national development, reduce reliance on fossil fuels, promote economic growth through renewable energy, improve energy access, and mitigate climate change impacts. Investing in renewable energy solutions can enhance energy security and national development.

ADEQUACY OF FUNDING AND GROWTH OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES (SMEs) IN NIGERIA

OVEDJE, OGHENEOVO HELEN; & ABUYE, EDESIRI GRACE

Delta State Polytechnic, Otefe-Oghara.

ABSTRACT:

The study examined the adequacy of funding and growth of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Nigeria. The cross-sectional research was adopted and primary data (questionnaire) formed the major instrument of data collection. Three hundred and thirty-one (331) questionnaires were administered, out of which 309 were fully completed and retrieved. The data obtained in the fieldwork were analysed using both descriptive (mean, standard deviation, simple percentages) and the inferential (simple regression) statistical tools. Findings indicated that, while venture capital and business angels significantly affected SMEs growth, bank overdraft and trade credit had insignificant effect on the growth of SMEs. Given the findings, it was recommended among others that SMEs should discourage the use of trade credits and bank overdraft in funding SMEs. Also, there should be good policies by the government aimed at encouraging venture capital and business angels to promote SMEs growth.

Keywords: Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), Venture Capital, Business Angels, Trade Credits and Bank Overdraft.

CHAOS THEORY AND CRYPTOGRAPHY: DESIGN PARADIGMS, APPLICATIONS, AND CHALLENGES

ABUBAKAR ABBA* AND ANAS IBRAHIM

Department of Computer Science, Federal College of Education Zaria, Nigeria.

Abstract

This paper presents a comprehensive exploration of the relationship between chaos theory and cryptography, highlighting their shared characteristics and the implications for cryptographic design. Through a detailed examination of well-known cryptographic design structures such as SPN, Feistel, and ARX structures, alongside a survey of cryptosystem designs, the paper describes the significant role of chaos-based approaches in modern cryptography. Specifically, the paper delves into the application of chaos-based techniques with a particular focus on image encryption algorithms, highlighting its design complexity and security vulnerabilities as identified in the literature. Moreover, the paper concludes by addressing the key disadvantages of existing cryptosystems, emphasizing the importance of adhering to cryptographic principles of simplicity, security, and ease of analysis in design structures. By emphasizing the critical importance of adhering to these principles, the paper not only contributes to the ongoing research but also sets the stage for future researchers aimed at enhancing the security and efficiency of cryptographic systems in an increasingly interconnected digital landscape.

Keywords: Cryptosystems, Chaos theory, Design Paradigm, Image Encryption

EFFECT OF ORGANIC AND INORGANIC FERTILIZERS ON PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF SOME ONION CULTIVARS (ALLIUM CEPA L.) GROWN IN AZARE, KATAGUM LOCAL GOVERNMENT BAUCHI STATE, NIGERIA

¹MOHAMMED IBRAHIM; ²DR AISHA WADA ABUBAKAR; & ³ABUBAKAR A. GOMA

¹Dept. of Agric. tech. Federal College of Horticultural Technology, PMB 108 Gombe State, ²Dept. of Biological Science Federal University Dutse, Jigawa State PMB 7156Nigeria. ³Dept. of Hort. Tech. federal polytechnic Ede Ogun state, Nigeria

Abstract

The experiment was conducted at the Tatari Ali farm in Azare, Bauchi State Nigeria. To determine the effect of poultry manure, cow dung, NPK (15:15:15) and Urea on the growth and yield of Onion. The recommended rates of poultry manure (10 t ha^-1) cow dung (10 t ha^-1) NPK (400 kg ha^-1) and Urea (200 kg N ha^-1) were used as treatments with a control (0 kg ha^-1). These were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The data collected were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and significant means separated by GenStat at 5% probability level. The results revealed that all the treatments significantly (P<0.05) improved the growth and yield parameters of onion. NPK produced significantly higher number of leaves (10.85a), Urea (9.52b) poultry manure (9.34b) cow dung (9.25b) and control 0 kg ha^-1 (8.04c). The highest bulb diameter was recorded with poultry manure (6.16 cm) and Bulb length was recorded with NPK (6.84a cm) and fresh bulb weight was significantly higher in poultry manure and cow dung applications. The onion bulb yield is in order of poultry > cow dung > NPK > Urea > control. It is concluded that poultry manure application is better for the production of onion. The rate of photosynthesis was significantly higher in Urea (14.27a) and NPK (13.19a). The chlorophyll estimation was significantly higher with treatment of NPK (0.0040a) and Urea (0.0035b) was recorded. ‘Kwadon local’ cultivar is recommended to farmers during rainy.

Keywords: fertilizers, Inorganic, Organic, Onion, Yield.

THE IMPACT OF AUTOMATED TELLER MACHINE (ATM) ON THE PERFORMANCE OF SOME SELECTED DEPOSIT MONEY BANKS (CASE STUDY OF GUARANTY TRUST BANK PLC, BAUCHI STATE)

AYANWUYI JOHNSON; & ALHAJI KAWUGANA PhD

Federal Polytechnic Bauchi P.M.B0231 Opp Gwallameji Dass Road Bauch State, Nigeria

ABSTRACT

This study examines the Impact of ATM service on the performance of some selected Deposit Money banks in Bauchi State. The objective of the study is to ascertain the extent to which ATM service contribute to the performance on the growth in terms of transaction and profitability of banking sector with particular reference to Guaranty Trust Bank Bauchi Branch. Data were collected from primary and secondary source; Descriptive survey research design was adopted and Instrument of data collection are questionnaires and personal interview which formed the source of primary data and journals, textbooks, websites formed the secondary source of data. Therefore, data collected through the questionnaire were analyzed statistically by using the Software Package for Social Science (SPSS Version 2.0 for Student Version) and chi-square technique. The major findings of the research reveals that Automated Teller Machines (ATMs) service has positively and significantly impact on an effective performance in Nigeria Deposit Money Banks also ATM service quality is less correlated to security and privacy of users and providers. The conclusion therefore is that banks should strive to increase their security layers to subvert the tricks of the scammers, limit the amount which customers may be allowed to withdraw at a time and provide electronic alerts to customers’ phone for all transactions carried out on their bank account through ATMS and the provisions of extra security layer that can prevent third party to make use someone else’s ATM card for unauthorized withdrawals electronically. Based on the findings, the study therefore recommends that the management of the bank should collaborate with known information technology companies to enhance and continuously upgrade the ATMs service to help in detecting fraudsters in order to sustain customer satisfaction and patronage. This is in order to avoid bugs by Automated Teller Machines fraudsters to record personal Automated Teller Machine code of people who uses such bugged Automated Teller Machine

Keywords: ATM, Deposit Money Banks, Performance, Transactions

ENERGY EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS OF 5G CELLULLAR NETWORK AT BASE STATION LEVEL WITH CO-OPERATIVE TECHNIQUES

NWAOGU, C. C.¹; UBANI C. A.²; & AMADI, O. A.³

¹Dept. of Electrical Electronic Engineering, Abia State Polytechnic Aba ²Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Abia State Polytechnic Aba ³Dept. of Computer Engineering, Akanu Ibiam Fed. Poly Unwana.

ABSTRACT

With rapid increase in global human population as well as rapid development in mobile and internet technology there is projected rise in wireless communication traffic. This projected rise has necessitated the advancement of energy-efficient techniques for the design of wireless communication systems, given the high operating costs of conventional wireless cellular networks, and the scarcity of energy resources in low-power applications. The objective of this paper is to provide methods of reducing energy consumption of a 5G base station using switch mode and energy efficient hardware approaches to enhance Energy Efficiency at the Base Station level. Considering the current energy concerns, the Base Station is the hub of bulk energy consumption. Base station energy consumption ranges from small-energy base station to high-energy base stations (Macro Base Stations) with entirely different constraints in either case. In view of these extremes, this paper examines the principles behind energy-efficient wireless communication network design, by deploying energy efficient hardware and switch mode. This paper discussed the impact of both methods on energy consumption and its limit. Finally, we recommend that for energy efficient 5G, the energy efficient hardware techniques should be adopted to push the frontiers of energy efficiency in the design of wireless communication networks

Keywords: Hardware, Internet, 5G Network, Energy efficiency, Base Station

ABSTRACT NO.3

EFFECTS OF CRUDE TERPENOIDS OF BLACK CUMIN (Nigella sativa) SEEDS EXTRACT ON THE GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF

NILE TILAPIA (Oreochromis niloticus)

¹SANI K. A. AND ²UKATU, V. E.

¹Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi state, Nigeria. ²Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, Aliero, Nigeria

ABSTRACT

Phytoconstituents have been reported to promote several biological activities in fish. This research was conducted in order to investigate the effects of crude terpenoids of black cumin (Nigella sativa) seeds extract on the growth performance of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The phytochemical of Nigella sativa seeds extract were screened, quantified and crude terpenoids were isolated and used (as feed additive) to prepare experimental diet at 1 ml/Kg, 1.5 ml/Kg and 2 ml/Kg according to the standard procedure. Nile Tilapia fry (80) were obtained from the Kalgo hatchery and randomly assigned into 4 concrete tanks which were then fed with experimental diet for the period of three months. The qualitative phytochemical analysis showed that terpenoids and alkaloids were highly present while steroids, tannins, and saponins were detected in modest amounts. Quantitatively, terpenoids and saponins had the highest concentrations of 3.07±0.12% each, while tannins and steroids were at 2.9±0.06% and 2.53±0.21%, respectively. Results showed no significant association (P<0.05) between the survival rate of fish fed with the treated diets and the control diet. However, there was a 95% survival rate in group fed diet containing 2.0 ml/kg of crude terpenoids. The best growth performance was demonstrated in Nile Tilapia fed diets containing 2 ml/kg terpenoids with final weight, weight gain, and specific growth rate of 13.77±0.50g, 13.75±0.50g, and 7.49±0.04%/d respectively. The findings revealed that 2 ml/kg crude terpenoids containing diet can be used to enhance the growth of Nile tilapia. Based on the above findings, toxicological analysis of the Nigella sativa seeds phytoconstituents on fish is recommended.

Keywords: Growth, Nigella sativa, Nile Tilapia and Terpenoids

APPLICATION OF LEAN CONSTRUCTION APPROACH IN HEALTH AND SAFETY IMPROVEMENT IN CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS IN KADUNA STATE

YAHAYA, N. S¹and OYEWOBI, L. O.

¹Department of Quantity Surveying, School of Environmental Technology, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria

Abstract

Workplace safety is an important aspect of everyday life for every employee, irrespective of the industry they are employed in. Globally, workers suffer from workplace illness and accidents leading to serious injuries and death every day as they go about their jobs. study examines the application of the lean construction approach to health and safety improvement in construction projects with the view of promoting safety in construction projects in Kaduna. A quantitative research approach was adopted. The population for the study was comprised of professionals from construction firms and consulting firms in Kaduna (i.e., architects, builders, civil engineers, service engineers, quantity surveyors, estate valuers, and town planners). A simple random sampling technique was adopted. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. The analysis of the data was done using descriptive statistics such as percentages, frequency counts, and mean item score (MIS) and one sample mean test. The findings revealed that the lean construction approaches to improve health and safety in construction projects identified in the study were all considered applicable (average MIS = 3.90). The findings revealed the most significant barriers to the application of the lean construction approach to improving health and safety in construction projects are “lack of education and training needed to apply LC techniques in safety improvement and lack of knowledge to apply LC techniques in safety improvement” (MIS = 4.53 and 4.50, respectively). The least significant barrier to the application of lean construction approaches to improve health and safety in construction projects is “the lack of agreed implementation methodology to implement LC techniques” (MIS = 3.35). On average, all the barriers to the application of the lean construction approach to improve health and safety in construction projects are very significant (average MIS = 3.65). The study recommends that construction professional must implement proactive measures to mitigate obstacles that hinder the implementation of the lean construction approach for enhancing health and safety in construction projects. This is particularly crucial in addressing barriers such as the “insufficient education and training required to apply LC techniques for safety enhancement” and the “lack of knowledge in applying LC techniques for safety improvement,” along with other barriers.

Keyword: Application, Construction, Health and Safety, Lean, Projects

EXPLORING PIXEL INTENSITY FOR WAVELET TRANSFORM COMPRESSION METHODS – AN ANALYTICAL STUDY.

A. ABDULKAREEM, M. D. ALMUSTAPHA, U. F. ABDU-AGUYE, H. BELLO & H. ADAMU

Department of Electronics & Telecommunications Engineering; 3Centre for Energy Research & Training, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria Corresponding

Abstract:

This paper explores the importance of image and video compression within the realm of multimedia advancements, particularly in light of the widespread usage of graphical content in mobile networks. The primary aim of compression techniques is to reduce the size of images and videos while preserving their quality, thus enabling efficient transmission and storage. This study examines the application of wavelet transforms and pixel intensity for compression purposes. Six video samples, comprising four acquired and two benchmark samples, were utilized to implement the proposed method. To mitigate potential quality loss in compressed images, a luminance enhancement model was employed. Simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, showing enhanced contrast in pixel intensity. Notably, the Enhanced Lifting Wavelet Transform (E-LWT) compression technique yielded the highest Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) values across all six video samples, outperforming the Enhanced Discrete Wavelet Transform (E-DWT). In terms of individual video frames (NAERLS1.avi, NAERLS2.avi, NTA1.avi, and NTA2.avi), the E-LWT technique demonstrated percentage improvements of 12.59%, 5.10%, 4.71%, and 1.93% over E-DWT, respectively. Furthermore, for benchmark video frames (Akiyo.avi and Forman.avi), the E-LWT technique exhibited percentage improvements of 14.46% and 5.31% over E-DWT.

Index Terms: Image Compression, luminance pixel intensity, PSNR

GENETIC MANIPULATION OF BACILLUS SAFENSIS ISOLATED FROM SOIL FOR ENHANCED PRODUCTION OF ALPHA AMYLASE

*¹EGBI, T.K., ²IJAH U.J.J., ¹EMELOGU,J.N., ¹AHIAUKWU,J.A., ¹ASAKE,O.J., ¹AYEGBA, S.O.

¹National Biotechnology Development Agency ,Abuja, Nigeria. ²Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria

Bacillus species capable of extracellular amylase production were isolated from soil samples using rice bran and wheat bran as substrates. Using starch hydrolysis plate assay test the bacterial isolates were screened and were identified using maximum zone of clearance and further characterized according to standard methods and molecular analysis.The isolates were identified as Bacillus safensis. They were used to produce α-amylase. Bacillus safensis had maximum enzyme activity of 40.86 IU/mL and 43.87 IU/mL on rice and wheat bran respectively over the same period. Enhancement of enzyme production was done using two techniques; induction of mutation by UV irradiation and recombinant DNA technology. Six mutants each were randomly selected from each UV treatment time range. The mutant BSM₄ were higher α-amylase producers than parental strain. PCR amplification of the specific amylase gene (Amy) for the selected bacterial isolates was performed using specific primers AP-Amy F and AP-Amy R. The bands observed under UV-transilluminator confirmed the presence of amylase gene in the two bacterial isolates. The purified PCR product were cloned into the pBlueScriptSK(-) vector and transformed into Escherichia coli DH5α.to produce a cloned strain for both bacterial isolates. These were then used for α-amylase production. Recombinant strain, ECR₅ had maximum enzyme activity of 320.0IU/mL on wheat bran and 295.0 IU/mL on rice bran at 72hours, pH 7.0 at 40^oC while ECR₄ had maximum enzyme activity of 198.67IU/mL and 185.82IU/mL on wheat and rice bran over the same period. Results identified proteins with molecular weight within the range for alpha amylases (61.66-66.2kDa). With further purification in the food, pharmaceutical and clinical industries, these alpha amylases produced could be of great potential use to them.

EFFECTS OF MALTING ON THE NUTRITIONAL COMPOSITION, FUNCTIONAL AND ANTI-NUTRITIONAL PROPERTIES OF FINGER MILLET (Eleusine Coracana L.) FLOURS – A REVIEW

*ADGIDZI PAT PRINCESS; **OLORUNSOGO, S. T.; **ADEBAYO S. E.; & ***OCHEME, O. B.

*Bioresource Development Centre, National Biotechnology Research Development Agency, Umaru Musa Yar’adua Expressway Lugbe, Abuja, Nigeria. **Department of Agricultural and Bioresources Engineering, Federal University of Technology Minna, Niger State, Nigeria. ***Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology Minna, Niger State, Nigeria.

Abstract

This review was to provide information taking reference from some research articles on the effect of malting on the nutritional composition, functional and anti-nutritional properties of finger millet (Eleusine coracana L.) flour with an effort to promote the uniqueness of the indigenous food processing method and its many benefits in the utilization of finger millet. Finger millet is a gluten-free staple grain characterized by variations in colour (brown, white and light brown cultivars); high concentration of carbohydrates, dietary fibre, phytochemical and essential amino acids; presence of essential minerals and vitamins. Though vastly neglected and widely underutilized, finger millet ranks higher than other cereal grains in nutritional composition. The nutrient content of finger millet makes it a functional food which contributes to reducing the risk of diabetes mellitus, high blood pressure and gastro-intestinal track disorder and is generally eaten as infant food, beverages and fermented foods. Malting is a processing method used to soften the grain structure and enhance the nutritional composition and functional properties of finger millet grains. Malting has also been proved by several researchers to reduce the level of anti-nutrients, enhance acceptability, digestibility and bioavailability of nutrients in finger millet.

Keywords: Finger millet, nutritional composition, anti-nutritional, functional properties, malting.

TRADITIONAL ROLE OF WOMEN AND ITS IMPLICATION IN SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN BAUCHI METROPOLIS

BOGORO A. G., AJIJI M.H and NZELIBE T.N.

Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Nigeria Army University, Biu, Borno State

ABSTRACT

Women have both knowledge and expertise, whose recognition can lead to more efficient, effective, sustainable, and fair waste management operations. Studies have shown that the failure to take cognizance of the traditional role of women in the management of urban environment results in a serious loss of efficiency and productivity. However urban managers in the developing countries are yet to identify and integrate those critical roles of women into urban environmental management. This research is motivated not only due the poor solid waste management but also total neglect of the role of women in solid waste management in Bauchi metropolis. Systematic random sampling technique was adopted for the selection of the samples and 4% of the study population was taken as the sample size. The major instruments used for data collection were questionnaire, interview and direct measurement of household solid waste at source and the data is presented in tables and charts. It is found that over 95% of sweeping, cooking and food preparation are exclusively reserved for women in the study area. The women dominate generation, storage and collection of household solid waste with 81%, 96% and 91% respectively within the study area. It is also discovered that segregation can be 95% effectively carried out by women that have free time. However, urban manager in Bauchi metropolis are yet to identify the role of women with a view to integrating them into solid waste management in order to achieve a healthy and clean living environment in Bauchi metropolis. Among other suggestions, the paper recommends that role of women should be identified and integrated in developing and implementation of policies and programmes on solid waste management for a clean and healthy living urban environment, This will not only improve the environmental quality but would also increase the income base of the family.

Key words: Role, Women, Solid Waste, Integration, Segregation

SOCIOECONOMIC, ETHNOGRAPHIC AND POLITICAL INTEGRATIONS AND CHALLENGES OF IGBO MIGRANTS IN LAFIA, NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA:

¹L. E. O., ABEJIDE & FATIMA, S. SANI

Department of Geography, Federal University of Lafia, Lafia, Nasarawa State.

Abstract

The study examines the socioeconomic, ethnographic and political integrations and challenges of Igbo migrants in Lafia. Quantitative and qualitative techniques were adopted to collect data on integration variables via the administration of questionnaire to groups of Igbos from the five states of the Southeast region, and the conduct of In-depth Interviews (IDIs). Fifty copies of questionnaire were distributed to each group, totaling 250. Data were analyzed via SPSS⁺version 25, and tables and charts were generated and the qualitative data were content analyzed. On socioeconomic integration, the results showed that majority (88.1%) of Igbos were first generation migrants, arrived to start business in Lafia over 40 years ago, whereby, almost three-fifths (59.5%) of them started their current occupation. Majority (37.6%) of Igbo migrants’ present occupation was facilitated by ‘master’, ‘family’ (66.8%) facilitated their accommodation, close to 70 per cent of them possessed their personal houses, and over two-fifths (43.1%) of them got landed property through ‘friend’ while close to three-quarters (74.8%) got married to Lafia indigenes. On ethnographic integration, three-quarters were proficient in Hausa language, with half rated their proficiency in Hausa language ‘excellent,’ while Gwandara language became the best secondary proficient language. As par political integration, over half (52.0%) of Igbo migrants held political office within their association politics but few with the wider politics. In summary, Igbo migrants have been experiencing dynamic and positive integrations but facing challenges of ethnic divide and nepotism.

Keywords: Socioeconomic, ethnographic, political, integration, Igbo migrants, Lafia, Nigeria

EFFECT OF PESTICIDE IN SMALL-SCALE FARMING ON SURFACE WATER QUALITY IN PARTS OF GUINEA SAVANNA, NIGERIA

*NAFIU, HASSAN; *PROF. A. S. ABUBAKAR; *PROF. T.I. YAHAYA; & **DR. J.O. TIJANI

*Department of Geography, Federal University of Technology, Minna **Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Minna

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to assess the effect of pesticides in small-scale farming on surface water quality in parts of Guinea Savanna, Nigeria. The water quality analysis was done using the facilities of the Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CGEB), Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria. Paraquat and Glyphosate concentration were determined using spectronic 2ID spectrophotometer (APHA, 2008). With regard to glyphosate concentration, X^{10 (KB)}ranked the highest sample point with value 48.924 ml in Kebbi State while sample points while X^{7 (KB)}with value 3.958ml ranked the least. In the study area of Niger State, sample point X^{3 (NG)}ranked the highest with value 31.930ml while sample point X^{2 (NG)}ranked the least with 1.372ml. In dry season, Y^{10 (KB)}ranked the highest sample point with value 56.128 ml in Kebbi State while sample points while Y^{7 (KB)}with value 9.118ml ranked the least. In the study area of Niger State, sample point Y^{4 (NG)}ranked the highest with value 45.315ml while sample point Y^{2 (NG)}ranked the least with 9.216ml. This revealed that dry season glyphosate is higher when compared with that of rainy season and this is attributed to need for increase in food security and low runoff due to absent of rainfall. The highest Paraquat concentration during rainy season was recorded in X⁶with a value of 7.764ml and the least was recorded in X⁵ with a value of -2.330ml. The higher the presence of Paraquat concentration, the higher the toxidity of water which in turn affect quality of surface water and this also lead to loss of aquatic animals. In Niger State water sample result, Y^{5 (NG)}ranked the highest with 28.131ml, Y^{3 (NG)}ranked second with 22.101ml and Y^{1 (NG)}ranked the least with 2.251ml. In Kebbi State water sample result, Y^{10 (KB)}ranked the highest with 23.351ml, Y^{8 (KB)}ranked second with 16.051ml value, and Y^{6 (KB)}ranked the least with 10.416ml. When Paraquat concentration of rainy season is compared with that of dry season, that of dry season has higher concentration and reasons behind higher concentration in dry season include absent of rainfall and low runoff of water available in the rice farms. In conclusion, this paper reiterates that the continued use of paraquat and glyphosate based herbicides threatens the quality of surface water as well as forms of life in it despite futile efforts to reduce its use. Therefore, governing authorities should strongly control every aspect of the supply chain and disposal of paraquat-based herbicides especially in aquatic weed control. Small-scale farmers are not adequately informed on human health and environmental hazards that may result from the improper pesticide usage. It is recommended that the agriculture extension agency, environmental protection agency and other environmental stakeholders organize collaborative educational programs for farmers on the proper use, effective handling, and dangers associated with inappropriate usage of pesticides.

Keywords: Pesticide, Small-scale farming, and Surface Water Quality

EXAMINING THE ROLE OF EDUCATION IN FOSTERING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN DIVERSE CULTURAL CONTEXTS

RAJI, YUNUSA RUKAYYA

Department of Educational Foundation, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto

Abstract

This paper discussed the role of education in maintaining sustainable development in diverse cultural settings. Various concepts were defined such as education, development, sustainable development, and culture. key issues to consider while analyzing the role of education in maintaining sustainable development were talked about and they include the significance of education for maintaining sustainable development across various cultural settings (awareness and understanding, social contextualization, empowerment and cooperation); effect of education systems policies on sustainable development goals in various cultural contexts (access education, quality education, gender equality); cultural considerations in shaping education programs that are in line with sustainable development (local knowledge and practices, language and communication, community Engagement and Participation); role of traditional knowledge and practices in sustainable development education (cultural preservation, natural resource management, sustainable agriculture and food system); challenges (cultural sensitivity, language barrier, socio-economic disparities) and Suggestions (cultural diversity, community engagement and traditional knowledge) in implementing sustainable development education in diverse cultural settings; strategies for promoting environmental awareness and sustainability through education in different cultural contexts (culturally relevant curriculum, community-based learning, and interdisciplinary approach), cross-cultural collaboration and exchange of best practices in sustainability education (international networks and partnerships, cross-cultural learning experiences and virtual exchange platforms)

Keywords: Education, Development, Sustainable Development, Culture

ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN POLLUTANT EMISSION AND AIR QUALITY IN SOME SELECTED AREAS IN LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA

SULEIMAN, M. S; IORNONGOTERSEER; MOHAMMED S.Y; YAHAYA T. I; TIJANI J.O.; AND OJOYE SAMSIDEEN⁶

Federal University of Technology, Minna

Abstract

Clean air is essential for human survival and other species environment, an open-air pollution has become the prime focus of many researchers globally due to the unprecedented deterioration of air quality in remote and urban areas. There is therefore the need to analysed the spatio-temporal impact of climatic variability and pollutant emissions on air quality in some selected areas of Lagos State, Nigeria. Both secondary and primary sources of data collection were employed in the study. Gen 3 Air Quality Sensor device and hand-held Garmin eTrex 10 Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver was used for the period of 12-month (January – December 2022). Descriptive statistics was used to analyse the data and results were presented using frequency tables, charts and figures. Pearson’s correlation method was used to determine the relationship between the parameters. Mann-Kendall and Sequential rank statistical tests were applied. Mapping of areas of different concentrations of air quality within the study area was carried out using a kriging type of interpolation method in Arc-GIS 10.8 environment. The results of the research on relatinship showed that, This is in line with the WHO standard that the air quality indices for Oshodi area indicate good air quality (0 – 50) in 2 (16.7%) of the days, Moderate air quality (51–100) in 8 (75%) of the days and unhealthy air quality for sensitive groups (101– 150) in 2 (8.3%) of the days. The Good air quality index indicated by the green colour shows that the air quality on the 5th and 15th of May 2022 was satisfactory and poses little and no hazards to public health. The Moderate air quality index indicated by the yellow colour showed that the air quality on the 1st, 3rd, 10th, 12th, 19th, 22nd, 24th and 26th of May 2022 may pose moderate health risk to a very small number of people who are unusually sensitive to air particulate pollution. The Pearson correlation coefficient indicates the relationship between PSI and AQI is highly significant at 95% confidence level (p-values < 0.0001). However, statistical result indicates that the coefficient of determination (R²) is 99.1%. The result revealed that nitrogen oxide (N0₂) affects air quality distribution more in Oshodi with a mean value of 47.70µg/m³, followed by Ikeja with the mean value of 45.58µg/m³ and then Mushin with a mean value of 43.7µg/m³. It is less in Alimosho and Agege with a mean value of 34.44µg/m³ and 34.40µg/m³ respectively.

Keywords: Relationship, Pollutant, Coefficient, Statistical, Trend, Parameters

THE IMPACT OF CURRENCY REDESIGNATION AND CASH-LITE POLICY IN AN EMERGING ECONOMY: EVIDENCE FROM NIGERIA

OKOLOGUME, HENRY CHUKWUDI; & AKADI THEOPHILUS EGHOSA

Department of Banking and Finance, School of Financial Studies, Federal Polytechnic, Auchi, Edo State, Nigeria

Abstract

This study set out to theoretically analyze the impact of the Naira redesign and cash-lite policy on emerging economy such as in Nigeria. The objective of the study is to determine the economic implications of Naira redesign, reasons for redesigning Naira and the proposed relevance of Naira redesign and cash-lite policy of the Central Bank of Nigeria. Data for the study are collected from secondary sources such as reports from the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletins and World Bank. The variables imploded includes; Economic Growth, Gross Domestic Product, Balance of Trade, Inflation, Foreign Direct Investment and Globalization. The scope of the study covers the period from 1999 to 2022. Data are analyzed using the Cobb-Douglas regression model. The findings revealed that key the rationale for currency redesign were to reduce the level of hoarding of money by affluent Nigerians, to mitigate counterfeiting of the currency and to control the amount of money in circulation with the view of controlling the rate of inflation in Nigeria. The study also revealed that there are both positive and negative sides to Naira redesign which includes the fact that Naira redesign could lead to reduction in the level of cash insecurity and money laundering, huge deficit cost to the economy, a rise in price level and the mitigation of counterfeiting in the economy. The study recommended that government should apply external loans to infrastructural development; improve business environment through legislation; initiate proper debt management policies and substitute external borrowing for human capital development.

Key Words: Currency Redesign, Gross Domestic Product, Economic Growth, Balance of Trade, Foreign Direct Investment.

URBAN PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORTATION PLANNING IN NIGERIA CITIES: AN APPRAISAL

*VEN EGESI JONATHAN.C Ph.D; **ANEKE GERALDINE CHINWE; AND ***AMAECHI. J.N

*GNS Department, Imo State Polytechnic, Omuma Oru-East. **Estate Management Department, Imo State Polytechnic, Omuma Oru-East. ***Department Of Slt, Imo State Polytechnic, Omuma Oru-East.

Abstract

Planning is a key element in the development of every nation. To plan implies to make an arrangement or take decision on what to do not necessarily in the present period but also in the future whether near future or far future. On the otherhand, urban planning is a crucial aspect of development. This is solely because of the high population rate of the occupants of the urban areas. In Nigeria like many other less developed or developing countries of the world, the population of people living in the urban areas or centres are so enormous that controlling them has become an arduous task. In another sense too, urbanization and high population of the cities has constituted serious problem for the government to manage or control. That is why we have various forms of criminalities in the urban centres and for government’s neglect of the rural areas, almost every one wishes to live in the urban areas, so to speak it on that transportation is one of the basic needs of citizens in every society and its sustainability is also another thing that will promote the living standard of the people. On the other hand, diversification of the transport system is one thing that will help ease stress and promote better living standard. The main aim of this study is to uncover possible ways that sustainable transportation can promote the living standard of the people, especially in Nigeria. Various data collection techniques were adopted from this study which included but not limited to oral interviews, use of questionnaires, text-books, journals, periodicals and the internet. The development theory of sociology was adopted as theoretical framework, recommendations on how best to promote sustainable transportation in Nigeria were made, thereafter conclusion was drawn.

Keywords: Urban Planning, Development sustainable, transportations, Nigeria, cities.

THE SIGNIFICANCE OF TEACHING SPEAKING AND LISTENING SKILLS IN NIGERIAN POLYTECHNICS: “AN OVERVIEW OF ELT” (ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING).

¹ABUBAKAR, YUSUF; & ²ABDULLAHI, ABUBAKAR

¹Department of languages and Communication, Federal Polytechnic Mubi, Adamawa State. ²Department of English, Adamawa state college. of education, Hong.

Abstract

For the last few decades, the system of teaching English language course at the graduate level, specifically in Nigerian Polytechnics has been receiving rigorous criticism. Implementation of curriculum objectives, particularly oral communication skills part has become a highly challenging task for language teachers. Several attempts have been made to reform the system at this level, but achieved limited success in its execution. In this connection the present paper is aimed at the need of teaching oral communication skills in Polytechnics. Factors involved in teaching/learning spoken skills, difficulties in its implementation and evaluation patterns. Further, it provides a good number of critical observations and possible suggestions for immediate action.

Key Words: Communication, Teaching, Spoken skills, Implementation, Evaluation

SOCIOLINGUISTIC VIEW OF GENDER DISPARITY IN LANGUAGE USE

*AKINOLA OLAYODE JOHNSON; AND **MAHMMUD AJIA OLAYINKA

*Department of English language, School of languages, Kwara state College of Education, Ilorin. **Department of English Language and Linguistics, College of Humanities, Kwara State University Malete

ABSTRACT

Gender is an important variable when it comes to the way a language is used in a society. It is more notable compared to other variables such as age, education, social status among others. This is so because other variables are subsumed under gender. Irrespective of level of education exposure, age etc; one is either a male or female. In view of this, this paper seeks to investigate the factors that are responsible for the difference in language use by male and female gender. In addition to that, the reason why the society places one gender above the other in language use will be looked into. Labov’s variability Theory (1972) and Howard Gile’s Communication Accommodation Theory (1972) prove suitable for the theoretical framework for this paper because of their preciseness in addressing language change trough variation by language users. Therefore, this paper deploys a survey method to examine the differences inherent in the way men and women use language. This is achieved by considering various scholarly submissions of language experts and sociolinguists, home and abroad. Thus, this paper postulates that, language use by male is more dominant, forceful and confrontational unlike their female counterparts whose language use is more considerate, persuasive, but with high rising intonation. Holme (1998), Oloruntoba (1999) and Raymond (2017). As parts of its contributions to knowledge, this paper therefore recommends that program of public awareness on health issue such as HIV AIDS, COVID 19, rape cases, counseling service on life threatening matters such as drug abuse, and female genital mutilation be anchored by women.

Key words: Sociolinguistics, Gender, Language, Disparity and Use

BIOREMEDIATION OF RICE MILL EFFLUENT USING Pseudomonas spp

¹AYISA, T.T., ²IDRIS, H.A., ²MUSTAPHA, F.A.,²AYEGBA, S.O., ²ABDALLAH, H.Y., ²AISHA, M.B., ²OKOYE,C.I., ²OGBU, L.C.

¹Biological Science Department, the Federal Polytechnic Bida, Niger state, Nigeria. ²National Biotechnology Development Agency, Abuja, Nigeria

ABSTRACT

Bioremediation has been recognized as a environment friendly and less expensive method which involves the natural processes resulting in the efficient conversion of hazardous compounds into innocuous products. Recently microbial bioremediation has emerged as an alternative technique to such traditional chemical treatments. Rice mills consume large quantities of water for various processes and discharge equally large volumes of waste waters containing variety of pollutants and heavy metals. In the present study attempt has been made to bring about the bioremediation of rice mill effluent collected from Onyx rice mill along Bida-Baddegi road,Bida Niger state. Pseudomonasspp were isolated from the site of contamination and were employed for this bioremedial study. The bacteria spp were able to bioremediate the rice mill effluent after monitoring the rate of absorbance and concentration of reduction potential in the effluent sample using a spectrophotometer. Maximum degrading potential observed at different concentration of the rice mill effluent i.e absorbance at 20,30,50-90% (0.310±0.001, 0.314±0.002, 0.543±0.002, 0.582±0.002, 0.589±0.002 Au) respectively.From this study it can be inferred that Pseudomonas species have the potentials to clean up environment polluted with effluents of rice mill.

Keywords: Bioremediation RicemillPseudomonas Effluent Pollutants

DEVELOPMENT OF AN AUTOMATED SEALING SYSTEM FOR POLYTHENE BAG

SIBEUDU CHIWETALU EMENIKE

Department Oof Mechanical Engineering, Federal Polytechnic, Oko

Abstract

The advancements of technology have surged in recent times, shaping much of our surroundings. Consequently, staying abreast of technological advancements is imperative in modern scientific endeavors. This paper introduces a cost-effective yet adaptable and secure automation-based polythene bag sealing device. It delves into the design and implementation of automated functions, sealing mechanisms, and the integration of components like automated fillers, robotic hands, and conveyors into the system. The system’s objective is to provide polythene bags via vacuum grippers and seal them automatically, hence termed an automated sealer. Components within the system operate as intended, and the sealing strength is assessed by testing the bags’ ability to bear dead weight. With sufficient capital investment, the realization of this machine for industrial use becomes feasible.

Keywords: Automation, Polythene bag sealer, Technology integration, Cost-effective design, Industrial application

IMPACT OF ADMINISTRATIVE CONTEXT ON SCIENTIFIC IDEAS AND RESEARCH

JOHNSON ITABITA, PATIENCE (PhD); & WILLIAMS OKPEBENYO

Department of Business Administration/Management, Delta State Polytechnic, Otefe – Oghara

Abstract

This research is an opinion paper on the impact of administrative context on scientific ideas and research. Administrative context and scientific ideas and research context plays a crucial role in shaping the direction of a business enterprise or an institution for maintaining administrative order, facilitating communication, optimizing resources, and supporting various operational aspects of an organization for overall effectiveness and success. Administrative policies used to communicate scientific ideas and research is also shaped by administrative context ensure that managers are held accountable for decisions that deviate from the procedures. Strategic management provides overall direction to an enterprise and involves specifying the organizations objectives developing policies and plans to achieve those objectives, and then allocating resources to implement the plans (Wikipedia 2024). Sustainable development is a scientific idea that aids the decision making process of sustainable Development goals. Conclusively, Administrative context has a significant impact on scientific ideas and research, as it is used to determine the direction and objectives of scientific investigation in the business world.

INFLUENCE OF EVENT VENUE ATTRIBUTES ON CLIENT’S CHOICE OF EVENT CENTRES IN KADUNA METROPOLIS

ALIYU, LADI FATIMA

Department of Hospitality Management Technology, Kaduna Polytechnic

Abstract

The increase in the number of event centre in Kaduna Metropolis and the present trend by the Northern Nigeria elites to conduct their family events in event centres makes it mandatory for investors and event Centre managers to investigate into their clients’ needs in order to keep up with the competitive business environment. The objective of the study is to determine the factors influencing the choice of event Centre by clients who wants to conduct events. The study adopted descriptive research design. Quantitative method was used to collect primary data. The study targeted clients that booked to conduct event in 25 event Centre’s in Kaduna metropolis. Purposive sampling technics was used to selected the respondents of the study and a total of 100 clients who booked to conduct events in the selected Centre’s. questionnaires were employed to collect data from the respondents. Descriptive statistical analysis such as standard deviation, mean ranking was applied to describe the study variable in line with the study objective. The analyzed data was presented in tables to represent quantitative findings. Chi square statistics was generated test hypothesis (Ho on the influence of event Centre amenities on clients; choice of the event Centre. The chi square results 2(df=1, N=311) =0.17, p=.680at p=0.05 level of significance. The study findings were summarized and conclusion made in order to described the research objectives. The study, in summary, found that the security, accessibility and adequate parking spaces are the influencing factors for the choice of the event centres.

Keywords: Event Centre, Clients, Choice, Security, accessibility

ETHICS AND POLITICS: CLARIFYING THE CONCEPTUAL LINKAGES

*YIMINI SHADRACK GEORGE; & **DR. FRANK FUNKEYE SAPELE

*Philosophy, Directorate of General Studies, University of Africa, Toru-Orua, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. **Department of Political Science, University of Africa, Toru-Orua, Bayelsa State.

Abstract

The domain of ethics and that of politics presents two fundamental human inquiry that intersect and influence each other in profound ways. The study seeks to examine the conceptual linkages and ‘epistemic overlap’ existing between the two domains. The paper identifies “values” on the one hand and “rights” on the other as representative on central ideals in both ethics and politics respectively and explores the nuanced interconnectedness between moral principles and political practices in human society today. The paper draws on existing theoretical frameworks in political theory to illuminate and clarify the ethical foundations of political decision-making and governance. Using the expository, analytic and evaluative methods, the paper aims to enhance the integration of ethics and politics to foster a deeper understanding of the ethical dimensions of political discourse and action, ultimately contributing to a more ethical and just political society.In conclusion, this research reaffirms the assertion that politics and ethics helps to contribute to the values of morality and good governance especially in the contemporary political system..

Keywords: Ethics, Politics, Conceptual Linkages, Moral Principles, Political Decision-Making, and Governance

EVALUATION OF PROBIOTIC PROPERTIES OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM SOME FERMENTED FOODS

ABDULSALAM, R.¹, BALA, J. D.¹, ABALAKA, M. E.¹ AND OCHEME, O.B.²

¹Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria. ²Department of Food Science Technology, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to explore lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from fermented food (wara, papa, orange wine, pickles, sauerkraut and grape wine) that can be used as potential probiotics. A total eighty four isolated bacteria were identified as LAB species by morphological, gram staining and short biochemical tests. All isolated strains were characterized for probiotic properties including Nacl tolerance, bile salt tolerance, sugar fermentation, proteolytic activity and acid tolerance. Four isolate were tolerance to pH 1.5, 2.0, and 3.0 for 24 hours. The four acid tolerant isolates were found to tolerant 0.3% bile salt for 24 hours with 85 to 99% rate of survival. All the four isolates were found inhibiting some pathogenic bacteria to varying degrees and also displayed varying susceptibility to different antibiotics. The in vitro adherence to stainless steel plates of the 4 screened isolates were ranged from 32.83 to 37.70% adhesion rate. The phylogenetic analysis and the 16S rDNA sequencing assigned all the four efficient LAB isolates with probiotic properties to genus Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc and Weissella and were identified as Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus plantarum, Leuconostoc mesenteriodes and Weissella paramesenteroides. The four LAB strains were found to be potentially useful to produce probiotic products. Further study is needed to find specific probiotics with specific benefit from fermented foods.

Key words: probiotic, Pickles, Wara, Acid tolerance, Lactobacillus plantarum.

THE ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECTS OF CITRUS SINENSIS METHANOL EXTRACTS AGAINST HOSPITAL-ACQUIRED BACTERIA AND YEAST PATHOGENS

KHADIJAH BUSARI-AJIGBON¹, HILDA UYO ATABO¹, ROSELINE RUMI IDEH¹, *ADEDAYO ADESOLA ODERINDE¹, MUHAMMAD TAOHEED ABDULKAREEM¹.

National Biotechnology Research and Development Agency.

Abstract

Infections by bacteria, viruses, and fungi are common. The most common cause of hospital-acquired infections includes Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, Enterococcus faecalis and Candida sp. In this study, the methanol extract of orange plant root, leaf and stem was evaluated for their antibacterial activities against some hospital-acquired bacteria and yeast pathogens by agar dilution method according to the guidelines of the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute. Generally, all the orange parts studied viz; leaf, stem and root were active against the bacteria and the yeast test organisms. The effect of the highest concentration of the leaf extract (25mg/ml) created zone of inhibition ranges from 9.3mm against Candida albican to 13.2mm against Staphylococcus aureus. The same concentration of the stem extract ranged from 6.4mm to 14.6 mm against the two organisms respectively. The root extract also recorded 7.5mm and 11.4mm respectively. On the average, the effectiveness of the extracts varied from not creating inhibition (Resistant) to the highest zone of 17.3mm recorded for the root extract against E. coli. It can thus be concluded that these extracts on further purification and fractionalization can be incorporated for the development of novel antimicrobial preparation for effective control of pathogenic microorganisms.

Keywords: Antimicrobial, Pathogen, Orange plants, Inhibition, Methanol, Extracts

WATER QUALITY INDICES OF DOMESTIC WATER SOURCES IN LANGTANG AREA OF PLATEAU STATE, NIGERIA

BADAMASI J. SAIDU^1,⃰, DANIEL. D. DABI², MUHAMMAD A. LABIRU², AUDU H. OMAR¹ AND AMINU MUHAMMAD¹

¹Department of Geography, Federal University of Kashere, Gombe State, Nigeria. ²Department of Geography and Planning, University of Jos, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria

ABSTRACT

This study examines the quality of domestic water from five different sources in Langtang Area to determine their safety for human consumption. Fifty water samples with 10 each from; rain, streams, dams, hand dug-wells and boreholes were collected and analysed for 22 parameters using standard methods. Data generated were subjected to Water Quality Index (WQI) analytical technique and Independent Sample T-test. Results show 40% of samples had excellent quality, 14% had good quality, with another 14% having poor quality, while 8% and 24% had very poor and severely polluted quality respectively. Comparatively, rainwater revealed excellent quality with index of 4.7, boreholes show good quality in index of 98.5, hand dug-wells samples had poor quality with index of 187, while streams and dams samples revealed severely polluted water with indices of 773 and 38,533 respectively. T-test result show significant difference in water quality from the Nigerian Standard Drinking Water Quality (p=0.014). The implications are that water sources in the area were unsuitable for human consumption. Groundwater quality index map revealed good water quality in areas of basement rocks and poor water quality in areas of sedimentary deposits due to differential dissolution of rock minerals. The study recommended provision of public water supply scheme by Government to ensure safe drinking water and households should adopt cost effective home water treatment techniques of boiling and filtration to reduce the risk of contracting water borne diseases. The WQI has proved to be useful in comparing water quality across sources.

Keywords: Domestic Water Sources, Water Quality Index, Water Quality Mapping.

ON THE KEYSPACE OF CHAOS-BASED ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM THAT SOLELY RELY ON HASH FUNCTION

ABUBAKAR ABBA* AND ANAS IBRAHIM

Department of Computer Science, Federal College of Education Zaria, Nigeria.

Abstract

Secret keys are used in cryptosystems such as hash function and encryption algorithms. These keys should be simple to create and exchange in practise. The encryption keys should be reused to reduce key exchange processes, which are computationally expensive, unless the method is specifically a one-time pad. It should be clearly and rigorously described how the secret key is used in encryption or hashing. The type of real number representation used for computation will be a factor in the keyspace description because the majority of chaos-based cryptosystems use real number computation. Moreover, the type of representation utilised for the parameters and initial conditions of the digital chaotic map is not taken into account by the keyspace analysis for some of the recently proposed cryptosystems. However, in designing newer chaos-based ciphers, it is recommended to avoid hashing the plaintext or plainimage to generate the secret key or parts of it. This approach is impractical as it requires a fresh key exchange for each message and renders the ciphers insecure under the known or chosen-plaintext attack model. This paper analyses some recent chaos-based cryptosystems that have been published in prestigious publications to see if the state-of-the-art has addressed the problems of inaccurate keyspace justification.

Keywords: Cryptosystems, Keyspace, Chaos theory, Hash function, Encryption

SIMULATION OF QUEUING SYSTEM USING MULTI-CHANNEL THEORY

OGALA FAITH ABIBA; & A.E OKEYINKA

Department of Computer Science, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University Lapai Niger State, Nigeria.

Abstract

The common experience about the industries or institutions is that, most of them do not have the facilities and capacities to service the numbeIr of customers without much delay on the part of the customers. The problem in this regard had led to congestion. This long waiting time in industries may cause dissatisfaction to the customers; therefore the need to use multi-channel models becomes necessary. The multiple channel queuing system in a bank was simulated for the mean arrival rate (λ) = 75 customers/hr., service rate (μ) = 26 customers/hr. and numbers of customers = 150. The best simulation result was obtained at service channel (k) = 4 for the above given parameters. As the service channel increase to 5, the probability that there are zero customers in the queue (P₀), the probability that there are n numbers of customers in the system (P_n), probability that a customer has to wait (P_w), and the average number of customers in the queue (L_q) increases. This means that at service channel (K) = 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 are not good for the simulation of the given problem.

Key words: Queue, Multichannel, waiting time, arrival, customer, service rate, utilization rate.

OCCURRENCE AND PREVALENCE OF PROTOZOANS IN DRINKING AND RECREATIONAL WATER SOURCES AROUND THE FEDERAL CAPITAL TERRITORY (FCT), NIGERIA

HANIS, B.; EZEOFOR A. O.^;EGBULEFU, C. S.; AJAEGBU, E. C.; AHMADU, J.H.; & OLUKOTUN, G.B.

National Biotechnology Research and Development Agency (NBRDA), Abuja, Nigeria

Abstract

Protozoa parasites are eukaryotic organisms and are widely distributed in water environments. They cause food-borne diseases as well as survive in hostile environment for a long time. It is therefore worthy and necessary to understudy their occurrence and prevalence in drinking and recreational environmental water around the Federal Capital Terretory, Abuja, Nigeria. In this study, 120 water samples were collected from Kwalita, Toge, Sherete, Pyakasa, Usuma lower Dam in and around the FCT and analyzed microscopically and noted. From the results, 59 out of 120 water samples were positive for protozoa. Out of the positive samples, the following were recorded; 22 Amoebae (37.3%), 13 ciliates (22.0%), 19 flagellates (32.2) and 5 cryptosporidium (8.5%). Parasites such as found in this study have been reported to cause several illnesses in humans and animals. To minimize the associated health-risks, it is hereby recommended that routine screening for these parasites particularly at household level and provision of adequate and safe drinking water would help to control the parasites.

Keywords: Prevalence, protozoa, Waterborne, Parasitic and Community

Academic Research and Publications

Academic Research and Publications

Contemporary Sub-Sahara African Policies and Diplomacy for Sustainable Development: Multidisciplinary Approach (UniAbuja, 2024)

ABSTRACT