THEME: EXPLORING OF THE GLOBAL INNOVATION IN SHAPING AFRICAN WORKFORCE DYNAMICS: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
DATE: 27th – 28th FEBRUARY, 2025
VENUE: FEDERAL UNIVERSITY, DUTSE, JIGAWA-NIGERIA
ORGANIZER: NIGHTINGALE PUBLICATIONS AND RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
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CONFERENCE ABSTRACT:
STRATEGIES FOR ADOPTING INCLUSIVE DESIGN PRINCIPLES IN THE DESIGN OF INDOOR SPORTS COMPLEX IN IBEJU-LEKKI, LAGOS
USMAN I. N.1 AND MUHAMMAD I. B.
1Department of Architecture, School of Environmental Technology, Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
There has been a level of stigma associated with disability in the society. People using wheelchair, crutches or walking stick are viewed by many as incomplete, handicapped and people who always need special attention, care and pity. However, disability in its essence is more of the state of the mind than the body. The stigma has led to many mobile impaired and others with other form(s) of physical challenges or disabilities to lose their self-confidence, voice and vigour in the outside world. This in turn leads to depression in many. Through inclusion, people build up self-confidence which enables them express their opinions. This is true for both people with or without disability. This study aims to create a barrier-free public environment where people, irrespective of their ability status can co-participate in sports thereby, eliminating the discrimination against people with disability and hence creating an equal right and access to public facilities and correcting people’s cognitive discriminating tendencies through design. Seventy responses collected via structured survey were analysed using descriptive and correlational analysis. The findings of the study revealed that 61.4% of respondents have a form of physical disability, with 31.4% having hearing impairments, 18.6% having visual impairments, and 11.4% being wheelchair users. These statistics reinforce the necessity of implementing universal design elements, including tactile pathways, auditory navigation aids, and wheelchair-friendly access points to accommodate diverse needs. The study’s correlation analysis (r = 0.500, p < 0.01) demonstrates a strong positive relationship between the implementation of inclusive design strategies and accessibility for persons with disabilities. This finding substantiates the argument that physical modifications significantly enhance participation, providing concrete evidence for the effectiveness of inclusive design approaches. Conclusively, co-Participation of disabled people in using public buildings can and will invariably change what the society feel and think about them and consequently change what they feel and think about themselves, as they can attain their full potential when given the appropriate opportunity and consideration to fully express themselves rather than being constrained, abandoned or treated as second class citizens due to their physical condition.
DEVELOPMENT OF NANO EMULSION AS AN EDIBLE COATING ON FRESH FRUIT AND VEGETABLE FOR POSTHARVEST QUALITY EVALUATION
MAHMUD AHMAD SHEHU; & UMAR MOHAMMED GARBA
Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria
Abstract
The study involved the synthesis and application of a beeswax nanoemulsion as a food-grade coating for enhancing the quality and shelf life of fresh produce like fruits and vegetables. The nanoemulsion was prepared using high-energy homogenization and consisted of beeswax, lecithin, polyethylene glycol, basil essential oil, Tween 80, and sorbic acid. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) were used to characterize the nanoemulsion. FTIR confirmed the presence of hydroxyl and ester functional groups to ensure stability, and DLS was 44.58 nm Z-average droplet size, polydispersity index (PdI) 0.332, and a highly stable zeta potential. GC-MS also confirmed major constituents such as 9-Octadecenoic acid, Oleic acid, and hydrocarbons such as dodecane and hexadecane, responsible for the antimicrobial and antioxidative character of the coating. Nanoemulsion was applied on tomato, carrots, bananas, and apples and demonstrated impressive reductions in physiological weight loss, reduced spoilage rates, and enhanced moisture retention compared to uncoated samples for 15 days of storage. Nutritional analysis indicated enhanced vitamin C retention, and the use of biodegradable materials ensured that food preservation was sustainable. Such outcomes confirmed the effectiveness of nanoemulsion coatings to reduce postharvest losses as well as to enhance food security by adopting green, sustainable ways.
ROLE OF DEVELOPMENT CONTROL DEPARTMENT OF FEDERAL CAPITAL TERRITORY ADMINISTRATION (FCTA) IN INFORMAL HOUSING REGULARIZATION IN ABUJA, NIGERIA
ABDUL-HAMID, ZAIDU GALLEON AND SANNI, LEKAN MOHAMMED
Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Federal University of Technology Minna, Niger State, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
Informal settlements, which house over a billion people globally, represent a significant urban challenge, particularly in developing countries such as Nigeria. Rapid urbanization in cities like Abuja, which is experiencing an annual growth rate of approximately 8.32%, has exacerbated the expansion of informal settlements. This study investigates the role of the Development Control Department (DCD) under the Federal Capital Territory Administration (FCTA) in the regularization of informal settlements in Abuja. A mixed-methods research approach was employed, involving the distribution of 296 questionnaires to households across three randomly selected informal settlements including Apo, Lugbe, and Kabus within the Federal Capital Territory (FCT). The findings reveal that proximity to workplaces is the most influential factor driving the proliferation of informal settlements in the FCT. However, a significant majority of respondents (80.07%) reported adverse living conditions in these settlements, including high poverty levels, overcrowding, inadequate access to basic services, and substandard housing quality. The study highlights the pivotal role of the DCD in addressing these challenges, with 39.86% of respondents identifying the regularization of informal settlements as a key responsibility. To enhance regularization efforts, the study recommends that the FCT government prioritize the development of affordable housing near employment centers, integrate community development programs, and implement staff training and community education initiatives. These measures aim to raise awareness about legal land acquisition, urban planning regulations, and available housing development resources.
Keywords: Abuja, Development control, Informal settlement, Regularization,
REACTIVE POWER COMPENSATION USING STATCOM BASED ON INSTANTANEOUS REACTIVE POWER THEORY
ABDULRAHMAN MOHAMMED GALADIMA
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technology, Federal Polytechnic Mubi
Abstract:
Reactive power can have a range of negative impacts on energy generation and consumption in a power system network. These include creating unnecessary increases in generation, leading to the overall decline in grid efficiency and a drastic waste of resources. Reactive power compensation is, therefore, critical for improved system performance and elevated productivity. This research aims to design and simulate a three-phase reactive power compensation model using a Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) that can improve the system’s power factor and can also provide effective suppression of the system harmonics. This will be implemented using MATLAB/Simulink software in which the STATCOM will be connected to a 3-phase load system fed from 5kVA, 11kV/400V source. Based on an Instantaneous Reactive power (IRP) theory, the load reactive power is harnessed to generate an inverted signal which will drive the gates of semiconductor devices of the STATCOM inverter to cancel out the reactive current consumed by the load. Initially, a purely resistive load is connected to the system where the model response is observed through the Simulink display blocks. Subsequently, an incremental amount of reactive load is added in three steps: 4126 Var, 8576 Var and 13470 Var respectively. In each case, the response of the model is observed and analyzed. Conclusively, the designed model can instantly generate a compensating power with an ideal unit power factor in each case. Using a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) signal analyzer, the outcome of the harmonic distortion imposed by the load currents has also been eliminated.
EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ROAD TRAFFIC CONTROL FACILITIES IN MINNA, NIGER STATE
- OJOBO, A.O. SHITTU, S.K. HABILA
Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Environmental Design, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.
Abstract
This study evaluates the effectiveness of road traffic control facilities in Minna, Niger State, focusing on both structural and non-structural elements, including traffic signals, road markings, pedestrian bridges, and traffic enforcement systems. The assessment was conducted through a combination of field observations, traffic surveys, and expert interviews, with the aim of identifying operational challenges and proposing targeted solutions to improve traffic management and road safety. Key findings reveal that while certain facilities, such as roundabouts and traffic enforcement systems, perform adequately, others, including pedestrian bridges and road markings, suffer from significant issues such as poor maintenance, underutilization, and lack of visibility. For instance, pedestrian bridges at Mobil Roundabout and the Public Schools Cluster were found to be underutilized, with less than 5% of pedestrians opting to use them, while road markings at Top Medical Junction and Old Airport Road were faded and poorly maintained, posing safety risks for road users. The study concludes that improving the functionality, visibility, and maintenance of these facilities is critical to enhancing traffic flow and road safety in Minna. Recommendations include upgrading traffic signals with advanced synchronization technology, refreshing road markings using durable materials, enhancing pedestrian bridge accessibility, and increasing the presence of traffic wardens and automated enforcement systems. By addressing these challenges, Minna can develop a more effective and sustainable traffic management system, ultimately improving the safety and efficiency of its road network.
A REVIEW ON THE EFFECT OF CLASSDOJO (PLATFORM) ON EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS’ LEARNING OUTCOMES IN COLLEGES OF EDUCATION, NORTH-CENTRAL, NIGERIA
EMENIKE, IFEANYI CALEB, ANTHONY, ANIAH, BERNARD, NUMGWO ATSUMBER, KUFRE, ESENOWO JACK
1Department of Technology Education, Federal University of Technology Minna, Niger State. 2Department of Computer Science, Federal University of Technology Minna, Niger State. 3Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Federal University of Technology Minna,
Niger State
Abstract
The paper present a review on the effect of classdojo (platform) on educational technology pre-service teachers learning outcomes in colleges of education, north central, Nigeria. Class dojo is a free online Application software Program that is accessible through computers and mobile phones that will be used in teaching educational technology concepts, ClassDojo is one of the modern technologies that can help lecturers deliver educational information or provide teaching and communication to pre-service teachers. ClassDojo is a free behavioral management software program that allows lecturers to provide behaviour-specific praise digitally to pre-service teachers’ in real-time. It is a free online application software programme that is accessible through computers and mobile devices; it was created as a way to help lecturers manage both positive and negative student behaviors (Connie, 2017). The paper also underscores the future of information and communication technology and concepts of educational technology, rational for educational technology, concept of classdojo in educational technology, guideline for utilizations of classdojo as an instructional media and technology acceptance model theory which consist of access to personalized learning improvement of student’s performance were also identified in the study. The paper concluded by advocating for further researches on the use of classdojo (platform) on educational technology pre-services teachers in colleges of educations. Government organizations, agencies and non-governmental organization should fund more researches on the use of classdojo platform on pre-service teachers in Nigeria colleges of education, procure technologies that can enhance the use of classdojo for teaching and learning in schools. Schools authorities and management should provide enabling environment for lecturers, and students for effectively use of classdojo for their teaching activities, more seminars, conference and workshops should be organized for educational stakeholders to meet up with global technologies.
Key words: classdojo platform
ASSESSMENT OF BUILDING MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES OF PUBLIC BUILDINGS IN NIGERIA
SANI, Y. M.; & ADAMU, A. D.
Department of Quantity Surveying, School of Environmental Technology, Federal University of Technology Minna, Niger State.
ABSTRACT
The quality of building maintenance practices in public sector organizations has been a topic of concern due to recurring issues such as poor infrastructure conditions, delayed maintenance, inadequate budgets, and inefficient management systems. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the building maintenance management practices of public buildings, with the goal of enhancing their maintenance culture. In order to achieve the aim, the study adopted qualitative research methods and condition assessments of the facilities and physical observations with the aid of cameras. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive analysis. The head of the maintenance department at the case study was interviewed, and the building structures within the facilities were accessed. The finding presents a summary of the condition ratings for each building component across all buildings. The floor has the highest overall rating (0.87), while plumbing fixtures have the lowest (0.77). The study concluded that the overall condition of all six surveyed buildings was good. Based on these findings, recommendations were made to enhance the case study maintenance practices, including the adoption of modern maintenance management tools, increased budget allocations, improved staff training, and the development of a more structured maintenance plan. The study also suggests incorporating sustainability practices and advanced technologies, such as predictive maintenance, to improve the efficiency and longevity of public sector buildings.
Keywords: Building, Maintenance, Management, Practices, Public
STABILIZATION OF LATERITIC SOIL BY ELECTRICAL METHOD
KEVIN OMOLARA, PETER ADEIZA THEOPHILUS
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Air Force Institute of Technology, Mando, Kaduna
ABSTRACT
The stabilization of lateritic soils, prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions, is essential for enhancing their engineering properties to support infrastructure projects. This study investigates the combined application of electrokinetic stabilization (EKS) and calcium chloride (CaCl) to improve the strength and reduce the compressibility of lateritic soil. Laboratory experiments were conducted using lateritic soil samples obtained locally. The experimental setup included treating the soil with varying concentrations of calcium chloride while applying a low direct current across electrodes embedded in the soil. The combined treatment aimed to leverage the benefits of both electrokinetic processes and chemical stabilization to achieve significant improvements in soil characteristics. The results revealed in the three soil samples (untreated, 1M CaCl2 treated soil and 2M CaCl2 treated soil respectively) that the integration of EKS with calcium chloride significantly improved the MDD from 16.98kN/m3 to 17.89kN/m3 and 18.19kN/m3, with a varied OMC of 12.6%, 16.2% and 15.3% respectively for the three soil samples. Specifically, there was a notable variation in the Atterberg Limits having Liquid Limit as 25%, 44.4% and 35.4% with Plastic Limit of 15.48%, 29.74% and 32.14% which also has Linear Shrinkage as 10.71, 10.00 and 8.57 respectively for all three soil samples. The integrated approach in this study offers a practical and efficient solution for addressing the challenges associated with lateritic soils, particularly in regions where these soils are commonly found. The study recommends further exploration of this technique through field trials and optimization of treatment parameters to fully understand its application.
Key Words: Electro Kinetic Stabilization, Index properties, Moisture-Density relationship
EFFECTS OF MATERIAL WASTE ON CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS DELIVERY IN ABUJA, NIGERIA
IDRIS, MOHAMMED1, AHMED, MOHAMMED2, ALIYU, GIMBA EJIKO3 AND ISYAKU, LADAN MOHAMMED4
Department of Quantity Surveying, the Federal Polytechnic Bida. Directorate of Works and Engineering Services, the Federal Polytechnic Bida.
Abstract
Material waste in the construction sector presents significant challenges to project delivery, particularly in Abuja, Nigeria. The waste contributes to cost overruns, project delays, and environmental degradation, with estimates suggesting waste accounts for up to 30% of material used in construction projects. Identification of the factors that has major effects on material will assist in proper management of construction projects. Thus, this study aimed at evaluating the effects of material waste on the construction projects in Abuja. A survey questionnaire was administered to the key players who participated in construction projects in Abuja. These included project managers, Civil engineers, Service engineers, Architects, contractors and Quantity surveyors. A total of 56 completed questionnaires were retrieved from 70 distributed using the stratified sampling technique. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive method (Mean Item Score and ranking methods). Findings reveal poor site management, over-ordering, and a lack of recycling initiatives as key contributors to waste, leading to increased costs, project delays and inefficiencies. The study recommends adopting structured waste management plans, training programs, and policy frameworks to mitigate these impacts. These interventions aim to enhance construction efficiency, reduce environmental impacts, and improve project outcomes.
Keywords: Material Waste, Construction Projects, Abuja, Nigeria
THE USE OF EMBEDDED SYSTEMS IN ROBOTIC SIMULATION AND OPERATION
MUHAMMAD USMAN1, SHAMSUDDEEN ABDULLAHI 2 , SEIDU AUWAL MUHAMMAD3, SANI ABDULLAHI 4 , ABDULMALIK UMAR5
Department of Computer Engineering, Jigawa State Polytechnic for Information and Communication Technology (Informatics), Kazaure.
Abstract
The advent of robotics has significantly transformed various sectors, from manufacturing and healthcare to autonomous vehicles. Embedded systems, as crucial components, provide the computational power and flexibility required for robotic operation and simulation. This paper explores the application of embedded systems in robotic systems, emphasizing their role in simulation, real-time control, and autonomous operation. We discuss the architectural frameworks, programming models, and real-time processing features that embedded systems bring to robotic technology. Furthermore, we explore case studies and advancements in embedded system integration, highlighting their impact on improving efficiency, reliability, and functionality in robotic systems. Therefore, the use of embedded systems in robotics has led to the development of sophisticated machines that can perform complex tasks with precision and accuracy. In this blog post, we will explore the basics of embedded systems, their role in robotics, and the advantages they offer.
Keywords: Robotics, Embedded systems, Autonomous System, Real-time Control, Robotics Architecture, Simulation and Microcontrollers.
THE IMPACT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON LEGAL SYSTEMS
KHADIJAT NASIR
Department of Legal Studies, Federal Polytechnic Mubi, Adamawa State, Nigeria
Abstract
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming sectors of the world, and the legal sector is no different. The emerging use of AI technologies into the judiciary has gigantic potential and issues. However, AI holds the potential to enhance the efficacy of legal processes by automating routine tasks like document searching, legal analysis, and contract analysis, reducing the cost of legal services, and making legal services more accessible. Artificial intelligence technologies such as predictive analytics also possess the ability to facilitate better decision-making by having the ability to distinguish between case law trends and predict outcomes. However, the universal application of AI also presents firm ethical, legal, and privacy concerns. Of these is the possibility of algorithmic bias, which can lead to biased or discriminatory judicial decisions. Another problem is a lack of transparency in AI decision-making, and therefore it can be difficult to explain how algorithms make decisions. Also, AI poses problems for traditional legal systems, as they were designed to take into account passive systems, not active ones. This paper discusses the advantages as well as challenges of AI legal systems, having a detailed look at their implications for lawyers, clients, and lawmakers. By this analysis, the paper emphasizes the need for a balanced regulatory environment for ensuring ethical use of AI while protecting individuals’ rights and upholding justice in the legal system.
Keywords: Artificial Intelligence (AI), Leal Systems, Algorithmic bias, Ethical concerns, Predictive analytics, Legal frameworks
SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS AND FOOD SECURITY STATUS OF FARMING HOUSEHOLD IN KURA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF KANO STATE
ALIMI H.M.; ONI.O. O.; OKUNRINKOYA, B.O.; Y. D. IDRIS; & OWOYEMI A. E.
Federal College of Agricultural Produce Technology Kano
Abstract
The study examines the effects of farmer’s socioeconomic variables on food security status among farming household in Kura Local Government area of Kano State, Nigeria. A total of 120 respondents were selected using a multistage sampling technique. Data were collected using a schedule questionnaire and analysis done using frequency distribution, means and Regression analysis (binary logistics).The result showed that Majority are male (75.8%) with 33.3 % having Arabic/Islamic education followed by 32.5% of respondents with post-secondary school education. The mean age of the respondents is 40years with an average of household number of 7people and an average income of 75,000 on a monthly basis. The study revealed an insignificant percentage (5%) of respondents as food secured while 95% were food insecure. The logistic model showed that socioeconomic characteristics of farmers explained about 32% of farmer’s food insecurity status. Household with male head are 63% more likely to be food secured while those who are above 40years of age are 77% less likely to be food secured. Only farming experience shows a considerable positive likelihood (81%) of food security status as farming experience increases. It is thereby recommended that more effort should be geared towards intensifying training on modern farming and post- harvest handling to improve availability of food and increase income among the farming households in the study area.
Key Words: Farming Household, Food security status, socio-economic characteristics.
INCOME DIVERSIFICATION OF RURAL HOUSEHOLDS IN NIGER DELTA REGION OF NIGERIA
- OYANA, V. N.1, ONWUKA, H. K2 AND DR. EZE J. N1.
1Departmemt of Agricultural Education, Federal College of Education (Technical) Asaba, Delta State 2Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, University of Delta, Agbor, Delta State
Abstract
This study examined the income diversification among farm households in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria with the specific objectives to examine the primary economic activities, identify the farm and nonfarm income sources and ascertain the determinants of farm and non-farm incomes realized by the households in the study area. Multistage, purposive and random sampling techniques were used to select 360 respondents and data were generated from primary sources through the use of structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical tools. Results of the study showed that 82.5% of respondents diversified their income sources while only 17.5% of them engaged solely in agricultural production. Farm income share represents 70.9% of Total Household Income (THI) realized while Non-farm income was 29.1% and a mean diversification index of 0.358 (35.8%) was established. The determinants of moderate poor status showed that household size, educational level, health status, and the number of nonfarm activities engaged in by the farmers were statistically significant while for non-poor status, household size, educational level, and the number of nonfarm economic activities engaged in by the respondents, being a member of cooperative society and access to credit were statistically significant. The study recommends that Government should make more budgetary allocations to the educational sector as well as improve the infrastructure (tarred roads, provision of electricity, pipe-borne water, etc.) status of the farm economy in the Niger Delta Region.
Key word: Income Diversification, farm Income source, nonfarm income sources, Rural Household.
UTILIZATION OF TRADITIONAL ARCHITECTURE RESPONSES TO CLIMATE FOR ENHANCEMENT OF PASSIVE STRATEGIES IN CONTEMPORARY BUILDINGS IN NIGERIA
SAMUEL PETER
Department of Architectural Technology, School of Environmental Studies, Hussaini Adamu Federal Polytechnic, Kazaure, Jigawa State, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
It is obvious that there is sharp decline in the use of traditional building materials and strategies for erection of buildings. They are being replaced by contemporary building materials and techniques. These contemporary materials and principles are mostly imported into tropical regions from cold climates. There is need for modification of these building materials to make them fit for use in hot climates like Nigeria without the need for mechanical ventilation or air conditioning. Mechanical ventilation and air conditioning increase the carbon footprint of buildings. Global warming concerns are pushing scholars, architects and other professionals to turn to passive strategies for provision of thermal comfort conditions in buildings. This research studied the strategies used in Nigerian traditional architecture (known to be climate responsive) and proposed passive techniques that could be utilized in contemporary buildings to provide thermal comfort in indoor spaces. Research papers on traditional buildings that used passive strategies to achieve thermal comfort were selected using google scholar and science direct search engines. The selected papers were analysed and some strategies identified to include the efficient use of building materials with good thermal properties; deployment of shaded courtyard to provide space for escape from the intense insolation; the effective use of wall thicknesses to regulate indoor temperatures, et cetera. These passive strategies were proposed as concepts that could be used in contemporary buildings to attain thermal comfort without the use of mechanical appliances. The application of the outcome of this study would help to reduce carbon footprint of buildings.
Keywords: Contemporary building, Indoor space, Passive strategy, Thermal comfort, Traditional architecture, Tropical Nigeria.
ANTIMOCROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF ESSENTIAL OILS OF SOME AROMATIC PLANTS AGAINST SOME PATHOGENIC BACTERIA AND FUNGI
DENNIS D. YAKUBU; & MANASSEH M. KATSA
Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Isa Mustaph Agwai 1, Polytechnic, Lafia, Nasarawa State. ORCID No: 0000-0002-4626-7646, & 0000-0002-5275-159x
ABSTRACT
Essential oils are one of the important natural products derived from aromatic plants for their various biological activities. However, the antimicrobial activities vary in potency and usage. Comparative antimicrobial activities of essential oils of lemon grass (Cymbopogon citrtus, Orange (Citrus sinensis) peel Black plun (Vitex doniana), Ginger (Zingber officinale) and Blue gum tree (E. globulus) against four bacterial species (Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginesa, and Staphylococcus aureus) and three fungal species (Candida albicans, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger). The essential oils were extracted by steam distillation and hydrodistillation. Antibacterial and antifungal activities were determined by paper disc diffusion technique and micro-dilution. The results showed all the essential oils of exhibited strong antibacterial and antifungal activities against the test organisms with zones of inhibition ranging from 8.12mm to 26.00 mm. In comparison of the inhibitory activities of the oils showed Ginger with 26.00mm against Aspergillus niger, while ,E. globulus has 16.50mm. Vitex doniana and Z. officinale had the lowest value of 10.60mm and 8.12mm against Salmonella tyhi. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) indicated values ranging from; 0.12mg/ml to 0.82mg/ml. While minimum bactericidal (MBC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC), had values from 0.20mg/ml to 0.1.10mg/ml. The result demonstrated that the five essential oils have high potential antimicrobial activities that can be developed into potent drugs. Further studies are needed to isolate the bioactive constituents and determine their mechanisms of action.
Key words: Essential oils, Aromatic plants, Antimicrobial activities, Salmonella typhi, Cymbopogon citritus.
ASSESSMENT OF GROUNDWATER POTENTIAL ZONES USING ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY METHOD IN HONG, HONG LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF ADAMAWA STATE NORTH EASTERN NIGERIA
1SUNDAY AYIGUN; 2IBRAHIM SAIDU; & 3KATTY FELIX FRANCIS
1&2Federal Polytechnic Mubi, Department of Physics with Electronics Adamawa State Northeastern Nigeria. 3No.18 Hospital Road Jimeta Yola , Adamawa State Northeastern Nigeria.
Abstract
Assessment of groundwater potential zones using electrical resistivity method was carried out in Hong, Hong local government of Adamawa State Northeastern Nigeria for the purpose of determining possible site for drilling borehole, lithology of the area and thickness of the geo-electric layers. Ten Vertical Electrical Soundings (VES) were sounded in the area with ABEM SAS 1000 Terameter. The maximum electrode spacing was 100m. Schlumberger array was used for the geophysical survey and data acquisition. Qualitative and Quantitative techniques were used for data interpretation of the raw data obtained from the field work, 1XD Interpex software was used to interpret the data. Possible groundwater potential zones were detected out of Ten (10) VES points, VES 5, 6,7,8,9 and 10 were potential zones for groundwater exploration due to presence of fractured/Weathered basement zones and low resistivity values. It has depth ranging from 50m to 30m to aquifer level. While VES point 1, 2, 3 and 4 do not possess groundwater because they were of high resistivity values.
Keywords: Resistivity, Terameter, Schlumberger Array, Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES), Groundwater and Electrode.
DESIGN OF A HYBRID ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM FOR IMPROVED VOLTAGE AND FREQUENCY CONTROL IN A MULTI ENERGY RESOURCE ISOLATED MICROGRID POWER SYSTEM USING AN ENHANCED DYNAMIC DROOP CONTROL METHOD
KENNETH UGO UDEZE, MEZUE FRANCIS CANICE TOCHUKWU,
Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Federal Polytechnic Oko, Anambra State. Nigeria.
Abstract
This study was conducted basically to improve the voltage and frequency control system of hybrid energy storage system (HESS) microgrid using iteration method of dynamic droop gain control strategy. Six (6) Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS) arrangement were considered and they were formed by different combinations of Battery Energy Storage System (BESS), Superconducting Magnetic-based Energy Storage (SMES) and also Supercapacitor (SUPCA) system as the new introduction into the HESS microgrid. The use of existing constant and dynamic droop-controlled technique on these arrangements were then compared with the new and enhanced constant and dynamic droop-controlled technique using MATLAB and iteration method. The results showed that the introduction of SUPCA in the HESS help to achieve; one, good frequency control and voltage-stabilization, two, improved and extended service time and lifespan of battery due to improvement in state-of-charge (SOC). The results also revealed that the improved HESSs showed better frequency and voltage regulation capabilities. Thus, it was concluded that the proposed enhanced dynamic droop-control technique significantly exploits the different features of SUPCA, SMES and BESS to form a sort of complementing HESS. Hence, it was recommended that the BESS in the new control system would significantly protect it from short-term frequency change cycles, Voltage changes and sudden change in currents, lifespan.
Key words; Enhanced Dynamic Droop Control Strategy, voltage control, frequency, control, Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS), Multi-energy Resource, Microgrid Power System, Battery Energy Storage System (BESS), Microgrids (MGs), Supercapacitor (SUPCA), Superconducting Magnetic-based Energy Storage (SMES), state-of-charge (SOC), Primary Frequency Control.
ABSTRACT NO.2
PREVALENCE, RISK FACTORS, STRESSORS AND MEDIATORS OF ANTENATAL DEPRESSION AMONG WOMEN OF CHILD-BEARING AGE (15-49 YEARS): A DESK REVIEW
*ZULLAIHAT MUHAMMAD ABDULLAHI; & **EZEKIEL UBA NWOSE; *MICHEAL OTUTU
*Department of Public and Community Health, Novena University, Ogume Delta State. **Ministry of Primary Healthcare Niger State
Abstract
Antenatal depression, often characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, anxiety, or hopelessness during pregnancy, represents a significant facet of maternal mental health that warrants attention and intervention. This was a desk review to assess the prevalence, risk factors, stressors and mediators of antenatal depression among women of child-bearing age (15-49 years). The review aimed at projecting the prevalence of antenatal depression among women of child bearing age (15-49 years). The search engines used were Google Scholar, Scopus, Chicago, Research Gate, and the Web of Science. The following keywords were used in searching for data across studies: depression, antenatal depression, women of childbearing age, risk factors associated with antenatal depression, and preventive measures. Duplicates were removed using Excel and reported data from different studies were presented using tables, figures, frequencies and percentages. The data presented were according to the different studies reviewed and were in-text cited and referenced accordingly. The prevalence of antenatal depression stood at 10-20% globally, 15-40% in Sub-Sahara Africa, and 8-78% in low and middle-income countries in Africa. Risk factors included: socio-demographic factors, obstetric-related, psychosocial, fetus/newborn and substance use factors which were also discovered as stressors while the mediators were social support, depression coping ability and partner relationship condition. Social support, family support and spousal support among others are necessary as recommended. Antenatal depression represents a significant challenge to maternal and fetal health, but it is not insurmountable, we can address multifaceted nature of antennal depression and improve outcomes for pregnant individuals and their families through collaborative efforts involving healthcare providers, policy makers, community organizations and individuals themselves with supportive environment.
Keywords: Prevalence, Antenatal depression, Risk factors, Stressors, Mediators, Women, Child-bearing age.
EFFECTIVENESS OF THREE MODES OF BLENDED LEARNING ON PRE-SERVICE MATHEMATICS TEACHERS’ LEARNING OUTCOMES IN COLLEGES OF EDUCATION NORTH-WEST NIGERIA
1OKORONKWO, OKWUNNA BRIGHT, 1ADAMU EVUTIZUBAIRU, 2RAHMATUWODU GIMBA, 3SOLOMON ADELOWO ADEPOJU
1Department of Educational Technology, Federal University of Technology Minna, Niger State. 2Department of Science Education, Federal University of Technology Minna, Niger State. 3Department of Computer Science, Federal University of Technology Minna, Niger State
ABSTRACT
The paper presents a review on the Effectiveness of Three Modes of Blended Learning on Pre-service Mathematics Teachers’ Learning Outcomes in Colleges of Education, North-West, Nigeria. Technology significantly enhances the three modes of blended Learning on pre-service mathematics teachers’ learning outcomes using Rotational model, Flex Model, and Enriched Virtual Model by facilitating interactive, personalized, and flexible learning experiences. In the Rotational blended Learning model, technology enables seamless transitions between online and face-to-face instruction, allowing pre-service teachers to engage with digital resources that reinforce in-class learning (Alkaabi et al., 2023). The Flex model leverages on technology to offer students control over their learning paths, providing access to extensive online content and adaptive learning platforms that cater for individual learning paces and needs (Vetrivel et al., 2024). The Enriched Virtual Model benefits from technology by offering a hybrid approach where students primarily learn online with periodic in-person sessions, enhancing their ability to engage deeply with mathematical concepts through virtual simulations and interactive tools (Yuan, 2022). Overall, technology empowers these blended learning models by promoting active learning, improving accessibility, and fostering a more engaging and effective educational environment for pre-service mathematics teachers. This review summarizes relevant research on the meaning of overview of Flex model of blended Learning, benefit of flex learning model for mathematics teaching, application of flex model in teacher education. Enriched Virtual Model of Blended Learning, benefit of the Enriched Virtual Model for Mathematics Teaching, Benefits of Implementing Blended learning in educational setting and ways of overcoming challenges in educational setting which consist of access to personalized learning, improvement of students performance were also identified in the study. The paper concluded by advocating for further researches on the use of Effectiveness of Three Modes of Blended Learning on Pre-service Mathematics Teachers’ Learning Outcomes in Colleges of Education, North-West, Nigeria. Government organizations, agencies and non-governmental organization should fund more researches on the use of Three Modes of Blended Learning on Pre-service Mathematics Teachers’ Learning Outcomes in Colleges of Education, North-West, Nigeria, procure technologies that can enhance the use of Three Models for teaching and learning of mathematics in colleges of education. More seminar conferences and workshops should be organized for educational stakeholders to meet up with global technologies.
Key words: Three Models of Blended Learning, Rotational Model, Flex Model and Enriched Virtual Model
A REVIEW ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE COUNSELLING CHATBOT FOR MITIGATING MALADJUSTED BEHAVIOUR AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN NORTH- CENTRAL, NIGERIA
1ADAFE, HAKIMI ALIYU, 1SAIDU, CHARLES TUKURA, 2JOHN, KOLO ALHASSAN, 3EUCHARIA, U. EZENWADIUGWU
1Department of Technology Education, Federal University of Technology Minna, Niger State 2Department of Computer Science, Federal University of Technology Minna, Niger State 3Department of Guidance and Counselling, Federal University of Technology Minna, Niger State
Abstract
The paper present a review on the development of Artificial Intelligence Counselling Chatbot for mitigating maladjustment behaviours among Secondary School Students in North central, Nigeria. Artificial intelligence counselling Chatbot (AICC) are computer programs design to stimulate human speech through text or voice interactions. It can be describe as artificial constructed soft were using natural language as input and output to communicate with human. The primary purpose of a Chatbot, which can participate in written or spoken conversation, is to stimulate intelligent human speech to the need of learners. Thus the students can have opportunity to experience a real like Chat process. Various name are given to Chatbot such as AI assistant, smart virtual assistants, digital assistants, speech agents, virtual agents, achievement bot. creative bot candy, harmony, amazebot, helper bot, the botfather, lovely bot, smiles bot happiness, jokester bot good vibes bot joy bot amusing bot hearty bot joyous, helpy, happy bot chuck and Russell. This review summarise relevant research on meaning of overview guidance and counselling, overview of maladjusted behaviours, artificial intelligence counselling Chatbot. The paper also underscores the future of artificial intelligence technologies in education and benefit of artificial intelligence in education which consist of access to personalized learning improvement of student’s performance were also identified in the study. The paper concluded by advocating for further researches on the use of artificial intelligence counselling Chatbot (AICC) for teaching guidance and counselling in secondary schools. Government organizations, agencies and non-governmental organization should fund more researches on the use of artificial intelligence counselling Chartbot in Nigeria School, procure technologies that can enhance the use of AICC for teaching and learning in schools. Schools authorities and management should provide enabling environment for counsellors, teachers and students for effectively use of AICC for their teaching activities more seminars conference and workshops should be organized for educational stakeholders to meet up with global technologies.
Key words: Artificial Intelligence Counselling Chatbot
EXAMINE THE EFFECT OF CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT ON THE PERFORMANCE OF SOME SELECTED DEPOSIT MONEY BANKS IN NIGERIA
ADEYEMI OLADELE JOHNSON; & PROF. U. D. MOHAMMED
Department of Business, Administration, Faculty of Management Science, University of Abuja. Abuja.
ABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to examine the effect of Customer Relationship Management on the Performance of some selected Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria. The problem of Customer Relationship Management on the performance of Some selected deposit money banks in Nigeria are complain of services those banks provided, inability of those banks to use the right incentive to acquire potential customers, inability to tender prompt satisfactory services to existing and potential customers and bad attitude of some banks employees. The main objective of this study is to determine the effect of Customers Relationship Management on the Performance of Some Selected Deposit Money Banks in Abuja. The specific objectives are evaluate the impact of customer acquisition on the performance of Deposit Money Bank’s in Abuja, to measure the extent to which customer satisfactory affect the performance of Deposit Money Bank’s in Abuja, ascertain the influence of employee behaviour on the performance of Deposit Money Bank’s in Abuja. The study adopted a survey research method where primary data was collected from the respondents with the use of questionnaire administered to the branch managers and customers of the eight (8) Deposit Money Banks branches randomly selected which made up the population (1,595) covering a period of 5 years from 2013-2017. Taro Yamane formula was used to determine the sample size (320) and simple proportion was applied to determine the number of employees and customers that made up the sample size. Out of the 320 copies of questionnaires that were distributed, 302 (representing 95% of questionnaire returned) were retrieved and used for analysis. Ordinary Least Square was used to test the formulated hypotheses in line with the objectives of the study and the result revealed that there is significant positive relationship between Customer Relationship Management. Findings revealed that Customer Relationship Management has brought change in the corporate culture, improve public image of Deposit Money Banks and customers enquiries are attended to promptly. The study concluded that the main assets of Deposit Money Banks are their customers and therefore these customers are meant to be well treated. It was recommended that the management of Deposit Money Banks should introduce technologically driven customer complaint & resolution mechanism, such as easy mobile (phone) medium of lodging complaints; instance response to customer complaint and others should be established. And to improved ethical business to customer (B2C) transactions, these will lead to increased customer satisfaction and performance.
Keywords – Business Intelligence, System, Performance, Global Communication.
EVALUATION OF PASSIVE SECURITY SYSTEMS IN THE DESIGN OF SHOPPING MALL IN KUJE FEDERAL CAPITAL TERRITORY
ALHASSAN S. I.; & ZUBAIRU S. N.
Department of Architecture, School of Environmental Technology, Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
The concept of passive protection and security is widely applied to a variety of industries and fields. The use of passive security systems within shopping malls was introduced to curb users who disguise to shop but actually perform illicit and criminal activities. A passive security system is revealed to be one designed to discourage threats to a particular building even when an attempt should occur, the system is created to make it more difficult and delay the process. The aim of this study is to evaluate the architectural design considerations used for the security strategies in shopping mall.in Kuje, FCT, Nigeria so as to improve customer’s shopping experiences. A qualitative research methodology using case studies was employed in this study. Case studies of five (5) existing shopping malls in the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja were analysed to assess the integration of passive security design principles. Key findings highlight the varying implementation of stand-off distances across existing malls, with a mean stand-off distance score of 2.17, indicating low-to-moderate levels of security. Moreso, elements such as bollards, concrete planters, and hedges were inconsistently applied, with higher security observed in malls utilizing a combination of these features. These findings emphasize the importance of aligning access control strategies with CPTED principles, ensuring both user convenience and safety. Through empirical validation, the study demonstrates that strategic integration of passive security measures can significantly enhance safety in shopping malls. The study recommends leveraging design elements like sightlines, building materials, artful perforations, and natural barriers by architects to create secure environments that do not evoke fear or anxiety among users. Furthermore, the application of strategic lighting, defined site boundaries, and hardened landscapes demonstrates the practicality and efficacy of passive security measures in reducing vulnerabilities while promoting a sense of safety.
INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY COMPETENCE AND STAFF MOTIVATION AS CORRELATE OF JOB PERFORMANCE OF LIBRARY STAFF IN UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES IN PLATEAU STATE, NIGERIA
YAHAYA, MUNIRA; DR. ABDULDAYAN, J. FATIMAH; & DR. CHUCKS-IBE, P. OLUCHI
LIS Dept. FUT, Minna
ABSTRACT
The study investigated information and communication technology competence and staff motivation as correlates of job performance in university libraries in Plateau State, Nigeria. The study has seven objectives, four research questions, and three hypotheses. The study adopted a quantitative research design. The population of the study was 122 library staff from the three university libraries in Plateau State, Nigeria. The instrument for data collection was a self-designed questionnaire. A total of 122 copies of the questionnaire were administered out of which 110 copies were retrieved and found usable given a response rate of 90.2%. Data collected were analysed and presented using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings revealed that the extent of the job performance of the library staff in the university libraries in Plateau State, Nigeria was high with an average weighted mean of 3.21. The extent of the information and communication technology competence of the library staff in university libraries was fairly high with an average weighted mean of 2.95. The extent of the staff motivation for job performance of the library staff in Universities in Plateau State, Nigeria was fairly high with an average mean of 2.81 There is a significant relationship between the information and communication technology competence and the job performance of library staff in the universities in Plateau State, Nigeria, with Pearson Correlation Coefficient ( r )= 676 and P- value is 0.000 which is less 0.05 level of significance There is a significant relationship between staff motivation and the job performance of the library staff in the universities in Plateau State, Nigeria with the Pearson Correlation Coefficient (r) = 678 and P- value is 0.000 which is less than 0.05 level of significance. The study concludes that when library staff have requisite skills and are motivated it would enhance the job performance of both professional and non-professional library staff. The study recommends that the Management of university libraries in Plateau State should concentrate on training library staff on computer hardware, digitisation skills, networking skills and library software installation. They should recognise individual and team achievements, compensate employees fairly and offer incentives when necessary to increase the extent of staff motivation. The Management of university libraries in Plateau State should also be proactive in determining other factors such as environment and staff attitudes that could lead to improved job performance.
Key Words: Information and Communication Technology, Competence, Motivation, Library staff, University library, Plateau State, Nigeria.
EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON HOTELS PERFORMANCE IN KOGI STATE.
OMEIZA DANLADI; & DR. MUHAMMED BALA BANKI
Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State
Abstract
This study was conducted to examine the effects of environmental management practices on hotel performance in Kogi State. A quantitative method approach was used in data collection. 240 questionnaires were administered to staff in 48 hotels across Kogi State; general managers and assistant general managers were purposely selected, while three other staff were selected through simple random sampling. The hotels studied were selected based on their official registration with relevant regulatory authorities, and it includes just two and three-star hotels in Kogi State. The data collected was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings show that most hotels in Kogi State have implemented at least some form of EMPs. Energy-efficient lighting emerged as the most widely implemented practice (93% adoption) with the highest effectiveness rating (mean=4.76), followed by solar panels (85%) and water-saving fixtures (81%). The study identified ten key drivers motivating EMPs adoption. Cost savings proved to be the predominant motivator (91% of respondents) with the highest importance score (mean=4.63), followed by brand image/reputation considerations (73%) and return on investment potential (70%). Implementation challenges were thoroughly assessed, with high initial costs of implementation being the most significant barrier (88.3% of respondents, severity mean=4.50). Limited space/infrastructure represented the second most prevalent challenge (62.1%). And finally, the statistical result investigated provides performance metrics that are fairly (*p<0.05), moderately, and strongly (**p<0.01) influenced by EMPs implementation. Recommendations include; government financial incentives, strengthening EMPs regulations, comprehensive monitoring systems to demonstrate return on investment, standardized certification programs, creative space utilization partnerships with architectural consultants, enhanced guest engagement strategies/staff training, and prioritizing high-impact practices. A phased implementation approach and industry mentorship programs are advised to accelerate adoption and improve both EMPs and hotel performance.
Keywords: Effects, Environmental Management Practices (EMPs), Hotels, and Performance.
ASSESSING THE ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF THE SCOURGE OF RURAL BANDITRY ON FOOD SECURITY IN NORTH-WEST NIGERIA
*DR. OLUSEGUN KAZEEM LEKAN; **DR. JAMES MUTIAT TEMITAYO; & ***DR. JAFARU ABDU GAMBARAWA
*Department of Business Management, Faculty of Management Sciences, Federal University Dutsinma, Katsina, P.M.B.5001, Katsina State. **Department of Business Administration and Marketing, College of Applied & Social Sciences, Lagos State University of Science and Technology, Ikorodu, Lagos, P.M.B. 21606, Ikeja, Lagos State. ***Directorate of Academic Planning, Umaru Musa Yar’adua University, Katsina, Katsina State, Nigeria
Abstract
A considerable amount of research attentions on rural banditry-food security nexus have heavily underlined that rural banditry is a major threat to food security. Interestingly, scourge of rural banditry is still very much pervasive particularly in the Nigeria’s north-west region. Plethora of studies on this subject lack economic implications and distinct recommendations capable of producing sustainable solutions to the scourge of banditry and food crisis in Nigeria. Consequently, the current study examines rural banditry-food security effect with a view to offer economic implications and clear-cut recommendations capable of generating lasting and sustainable solutions to forestall the scourges. Relying on exegesis of relevant secondary sources, the paper posits that rural banditry disrupts agricultural activities, creates food crisis and distorts economic activities of the rural dwellers in the study area. Therefore, this study recommends that government at all levels should declare war against bandits. The security forces together with the collaboration of vigilantes must confront the bandits, continuously hit hard their hideout, and crush them with their sponsors recklessly. Besides, death penalty should be meted out on any perpetrators and accomplices of banditry found guilty regardless of their economic and socio-political status while payment of kidnap ransom should be discouraged, and possibly criminalized, so as to discourage quest kidnapping. Above all, governments should pursue national food policy which seeks to assure all citizens access to food supply that is reasonably priced, relatively safe, adequate in quantity, and nutritious to meet dietary needs for an active and healthy life.
Keywords: Rural banditry, food security, scourge, economic implications, sustainable solutions.
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REVIEW OF ALGORITHMS TO SOLVE TRAVELLING SALESMAN PROBLEM
OGBULOKO VINCENT ECHE; ADEREMI ELISHA OKEYINKA; IBRAHIM ABDULLAH; & ABDULGANIYU ABDULRAHMAN
Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Niger State, Nigeria.
Abstract
The Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) is a popular optimization problem in which shortest path of the salesperson travelling to all cities once and returning to the origin city is to be determined. This is done either by using exact algorithms or heuristic algorithms. The main concern with exact algorithms is that; exact algorithms can produce optimal solution but are always not practicable due to complexity of combinatorial optimization problem which are mostly NP- hard and the constraint of time. Therefore, TSP is solve using various heuristic algorithms which produce good enough but not necessarily optimal solution in reasonable time and drastically cuts down the solution space. This paper presents a review of different algorithms to solve TSP and find the shortest path through all the cities that the salesperson has to travel.
Keyword: Combinatorial Optimization, Exact Algorithm, Heuristic Algorithm, TSP, NNH, NIH, FIH, CIH, RIH, NP – Hard.
EVALUATION OF PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS, NUTRITIONAL AND ANTI- NUTRITIONAL CONTENT OF WATER MELON (Citrulus lanatus)
OTUEWU, OPEYEMI OLUMUYIWA 1*; ALAWODE BAMIDELE OLAMIDE1; ADEBAYO-ADEWUNMI, RAIMOT ADEJUMOKE2; AKAPO SOLOMON ADEREMI1, ABDULKAREEM, ABDULRASAKALAO1.
1Department of Science Laboratory Technology, School of Sciences, Abraham Adesanya Polytechnic, Ijebu-igbo, Ogun-State, Nigeria. 2Department of Biology Education, School of Science Education, Federal College of Education (Technical) Akoka, Lagos State.
ABSTRACT
Citrulus lanatus also known as water melon is an evergreen shrub that is native to tropical West Africa. This berry has an attribute of modifying sour taste into a sweet taste. This study investigated the nutritional, anti-nutritional and phytochemical compositions of the whole fruit of Citrulus lanatus. Proximate composition (moisture content, crude protein, fats, crude fiber, carbohydrate and ash content); Mineral composition (calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, zinc, iron, copper and manganese); Anti-nutritional factors (oxalate, phytate, nitrate) and Quantitative phytochemicals assays (flavonoids, phenol, alkaloids, saponin, glycoside and tannin) were determined using standard methods. Results shows the following trend for Proximate composition: carbohydrate (40.38 and 17.44)%, crude fiber (17.58 and 3.63)%, crude protein (8.42 and 10.26)%, ash content (2.87 and 3.95)%, crude fat (1.97 and 2.32)% and moisture content (28.78 and 62.40)%; Mineral content: macronutrient – calcium (4100 and 1395) mg/kg, magnesium (300.8 and 2678.8) mg/kg, potassium (2500 and 2900) mg/kg, sodium (1986 and 1531) mg/kg, micronutrients – zinc (52 and 17) mg/kg, iron (243 and 102) mg/kg, copper (48 and 89) mg/kg, manganese (44 and 34) mg/kg; Anti-nutrients: oxalate (31.5 and 28.5) mg/100g, phytate (59.9 and 34.7) mg/100g, nitrate (180 and 95) mg/100g; Phytochemicals: alkaloid (0.90 and 1.37)%. flavonoids (0.12 and 0.58)%, cardiac glycosides (0.06 and 0.14)%, tannins (0.65 and 0.34)%, phenol (0.147 and 0.231)% and anthraquinones (0.006 and Not Detected)% for the leaves and whole fruits respectively. S. dulcificum, leaves, and whole fruit could potentially be a good source of nutrients with minimal levels of anti-nutritional factors thus, safe for human consumption.
Keywords; Citrulus lanatus, Proximate, Anti-nutrition, Mineral Elements, Phytochemicals
NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF FRESH AND CANNED CALOCYBE INDICA P&C
*APOTIOLA, Z.O., **ANYAKORAH, C. I. AND **KUFORIJI, O. O.
*Department of Food Technology, Lagos State University of Science and Technology, Ikorodu, Lagos. **Department of Biological Sciences, Bells University of Technology, Ota, Ogun State.
ABSRACT
The nutritional value of mushrooms is attributed to their high content of essential amino acids, vitamins, and minerals as well as their low lipid content. The essential, nonessential and conditional amino acids profile of raw and canned Calocybe indica was investigated in this study. Standard method of analyses was used to carry out amino acids profile of the samples. Results were expressed as mean values and standard deviation of two (2) determinations. Quality of the amino acids were calculated using proposed standard formulas. Data were analysed using one-way analyses of variance (ANOVA) using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 software 2011 to test the level of significance (p < 0.05). The results revealed that essential amino-acids; isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, valine, phenylalanine, histidine, threonine and tryptophan varies from 4.43-7.54 g/100g, 7.22-10.32 g/100g, 5.04-7.30 g/100g, 1.65-2.50 g/100g, 5.23-6.45 g/100g, 6.12-8.65 g/100g, 2.15-4.30 g/100g, 4.66-6.30 and 1.21-2.50 g/100g respectively while non-essential amino acids; cystine, arginine, alanine, aspartic, glutamic, glycine, proline, serine and tyrosine varies from 1.19-2.35g/100g, 6.36-8.45 g/100g, 2.45 – 4.50 g/100g, 10.21-13.50 g/100g, 16.98-25.25 g/100g, 2.03-3.05 g/100g, 3.83-5.20 g/100g, 6.16-8.70 g/100g and 6.33-8.25 g/100g respectively. The result reveal significant increase in the amino acids profile with increase in storage period. The observed fluctuations in these parameters may be ascribed to the impact of the storage duration. The outcomes demonstrated that the mushrooms under investigation were abundant in vital amino acids, which is consistent with the conclusions made by other researchers in literature.
Keywords: Canning, Calocybe indica, Amino Acids, Conditional Amino Acids, Storage,
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SCHOOL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT AND STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN NASARAWA WEST SENATORIAL DISTRICT OF NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA
SALEH AGWOM DAUDA (Ph.D)
Department of Educational Management, Faculty of Education, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, P.M.B 1022, Keffi, Nasarawa. Nigeria.
Abstract
This empirical paper is on relationship between school resources management and students’ academic achievement in public secondary schools in Nasarawa West Senatorial District of Nasarawa state, Nigeria. The research emphasizes on how the effective management of human resource, material resource, financial resource and technological resource by administrators, teaching and non-teaching staff and students can enhance students’ academic achievements in public secondary schools in Nasarawa West Senatorial District of Nasarawa state, Nigeria. Two objectives and two research questions were answered, including the testing of two hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. A descriptive survey research design was used. The population of this study is 1,363 which consist of 57 principals and 1,306 teachers from all the public secondary in Nasarawa West Senatorial District, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. The simple random sampling procedure of Taro Yamen formulae was adopted in determining the sample size. While the sample size stood at 130. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Hypotheses were tested using Pearson Product Moment Co-efficient Co-relationship (PPMCC). The finding reveals that effective management of human resource, material resource and financial resource by administrators, teaching and non-teaching staff and students can enhance students’ academic achievements in public secondary schools in Nasarawa West Senatorial District, Nasarawa state. The study recommends that Nasarawa state government through the state education board should ensure that standardize recruitment procedure is being adhered to which will then take care of the fact that square pegs are put in square holes and round pegs are put in round holes which will therefore enable teachers to work in increase productivity in the secondary school system.
Keywords: School Resource Management, Students Academic Achievement, Human Resource and Financial Resource
EXTRACTION AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF AVOCADO SEED AND PEELS
*YAGANA M. SHETTIMA; & **MOHAMMED GONI
*Department of Science Laboratory Technology Ramat Polytechnic, Maiduguri, Borno State. **Department of Remedial Sciences and General Studies (MOGOLIS) Maiduguri, Borno State
Abstract
Avocado is one of the leading tropical fruits because its fat-soluble vitamins content, which are less common in other fruits. This research study was conducted to extract and conduct physicochemical analysis of avocado seed and peels and the data was statistically analyzed. The results for the physicochemical properties at two (2) levels which are the seed and the peels, the peroxide value of the peels and the seeds are 4.91 for the peels and 2.1 mg for the seed, even though the value obtained from the peels is a little higher than that of the seed all of the fall within the range required by NAFDAC. Similarly, the saponification value for the sample (avocado peels and seed) are 175.315 mg for the peels and 194.947mg for the seed respectively. More also for the iodine value are 3.140775 mg for the peels and 2.1573 mg for the seed as well. So also for the free fatty acid are 2.4964mg for the peels and 0.98175 mg for the seed. Also, avocado seed oil can be employed in many industrial applications and as a feedstock for biodiesel production.
Keyword:- Avocado, seed, Avocado peel, iodine, fatty acid, peroxide, saponification
THE ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL LAW IN ADDRESSING CLIMATE CHANGE
KHADIJAT NASIR
Department of Legal Studies, Federal Polytechnic Mubi, Adamawa State, Nigeria
Abstract
The greatest problem of the 21st century is climate change, and due to its global repercussions, it calls for global efforts around the globe in the form of international institutions and law. This research responds to the role of international law in responding to climate change, and the evolution of the history of major treaties, protocols, and agreements such as the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the Kyoto Protocol, and the Paris Agreement. It raises the question of the capacity of international legal regimes to enable adaptation to the effects of climate change, compliance issues, and international institutions’ efforts in pushing for progress with climate justice. The article also responds to loopholes and lacunae in current global regimes of law and suggests how the global legal response to climate change might be strengthened, including through demanding accountability, technology transfer, and financing to affected states. The document concludes on policy recommendations and future litigation for a more sustainable, equitable and ethical world order of climate policy.
Keywords: International Law, Climate Change, UNFCCC, Paris Agreement, Kyoto Protocol, Environmental Justice, Global Governance
APPLICATION OF NANOTECHNOLOGY AND NANOMECHANICS IN CONSTRUCTION: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
1 LOYA, S. O., AND 2* ONOGWU, C. M.
1Quanity Surveying Department, Federal Polytechnic, Kaltungo, Gombe State, Nigeria. 2Department of Building, North-Eastern University, Gombe, Gombe State, Nigeria.
Abstract
The advent of nanotechnology and nanomechanics has revolutionized numerous industries, particularly the construction sector. These cutting-edge technologies offer the potential to significantly enhance material properties, improve energy efficiency, and drive sustainable construction practices. This review delves into the multifaceted applications of nanotechnology and nanomechanics within the construction industry, spotlighting advancements in nanomaterials, self-cleaning technologies, structural monitoring systems, and energy-efficient solutions. By consolidating insights from a broad spectrum of literature, this paper provides a comprehensive overview of methodologies utilized in research and outlines future directions for the integration of nanoscale innovations. The findings underscore how nanoscale technologies can lead to unprecedented improvements in performance, durability, and sustainability across the construction industry.
Keywords: Nanotechnology, Nanomechanics, Nanomaterials, Construction.
A SECURED AND INTERACTIVE MODEL FOR DATA AND INFORMATION TRANSFER IN HIGHER INSTITUTIONS OF LEARNING IN ADAMAWA STATE NIGERIA
MUSTAPHA KASSIM
Department of Computer Science, Federal Polytechnic, Mubi.
Abstract
Information security is one of the most challenging problems in today’s technological world, with increasing number of inventions and innovations in technology which have become an integral part for humans, the urges for same amount in field of security and privacy is felt. The techniques likes cryptography, watermarking, steganography have been able to provide some relief. The level of intruder on the network and standalone system in recent times is at alarming rate. Hackers have devised several means of intruding to both private and public network as technology appears to be advancing at a very fast rate. This menace necessitates adequate security of data and information share across network. The objective of this study is to develop an interactive model capable of securing data and information in a more effectively way. To achieve this main goal, a combination of cryptography algorithm together with steganography system is proposed. In cryptography, a hybridized RSA and Twofish Algorithm will be used to encrypt the plaintext into cipher text in other to provide a robust and strong means of securing data. In a further attempt to secure the data, Least Significant Bits (LSB) is proposed to embed or hide the data behind some cover media before it is being sent to the intended receiver. The resulting outputs of this research provide a model that can guarantee extra security level for data so as to withstand attackers.
Keywords: Twofish, Cryptography, Steganography, Watermark, Intruder, Encryption.
DEEP REINFORCEMENT LEARNING FOR EFFICIENT TASK SCHEDULING IN CLOUD-BASED E-COMMERCE PLATFORM
SULAIMAN UMAR; SHITU ABDULLAHI LAME; & DAVID, CALEB IFEANYICHUKWU
Department of Computer Science, School of Communication and Information Sciences, AD Rufa’i College of Education, Legal and General Studies, Misau, Bauchi State
Abstract
This study investigates the potential of Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) for task scheduling in cloud computing environments, particularly for e-commerce platforms. Cloud computing offers scalable and dynamic resource management capabilities, but traditional scheduling algorithms often fail to adapt to the unpredictable and fluctuating workloads typical of e-commerce applications. This research employs a Comprehensive Literature Review (CLR) methodology to analyze existing task scheduling techniques and identify gaps in the current approaches. By synthesizing insights from empirical and theoretical studies, the research highlights how DRL can dynamically optimize resource allocation, reduce latency, and enhance system performance. The findings emphasize the transformative potential of DRL, proposing pathways for future research to address challenges such as scalability and data efficiency.
EDUCATION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN A NIGERIAN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTION: CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS
ABIGAIL ABENU; & AMINAT NDATSU ABDULLAHI
Air Force Institute of Technology, Kaduna-Nigeria
Abstract
Education for sustainable development (ESD) is a viable instrument in transforming the imperilled Earth into a sustainable place. While ESD has been introduced into the education curricula in different regions of the world, Africa is far behind other regions of the world. This study examines the challenges and prospects of teaching ESD as a general core course at the Air Force Institute of Technology, Kaduna-Nigeria. The faculty members who teach ESD and undergraduates were the respondents in the survey. It was revealed that the teaching of ESD, using leaner-centred pedagogical techniques, has brought about sustainability awareness and the acquisition of skills that are central to sustainability among undergraduates. About Ninety-five of the undergraduates opined that ESD has been beneficial. About two-thirds of the undergraduates would like to undertake research or careers in fields related to environmental sustainability. The study revealed that the faculty members face several challenges, the major ones being inadequate staff development and lack of resources. It is recommended that diverse professionals should be involved in the teaching of ESD.
Keywords: Education; Sustainable Development; Sustainability; Undergraduates
BIOCHAR PREPARATION FROM MORINGA OLEIFERA POD FOR DOMESTIC ENERGY USING CARBONIZATION PROCESS
HAMZAT ABUBAKAR
Metalwork Technology Education Department School of Technical Education, Federal College of Education (Technical), Gombe, Gombe State, Nigeria
Abstract
Biochar is a carbon-rich material obtained through the carbonization of biomass and has gained interest as a renewable energy source for domestic applications. This study investigates the production of biochar from Moringa oleifera pods using the carbonization process, optimizing conditions to maximize energy content and combustion efficiency. The impact of carbonization temperature (400–600°C) on yield, calorific value, proximate composition, and fuel characteristics is analysed. The results indicate that biochar produced at 600°C exhibits a high fixed carbon content, low volatile matter, and enhanced energy efficiency. These findings suggest that Moringa oleifera pod biochar can serve as a sustainable alternative to traditional household fuels.
ABSTRACT NO.3
EVALUATING PHYSICS TEACHERS’ PERCEIVED DIGITAL COMPETENCE FOR ROBOTICS DEPLOYMENT IN EMERGING SECONDARY SCHOOLS EDUCATION SYSTEMS IN OGUN STATE, NIGERIA A UTAUT-BASED STUDY
- L. TEIDI; DR. ALI FATI; & DR. F. M. SOBOWALE
Educational Technology Department, Federal University Of Technology, Minna, Nigeria.
Abstract
This study evaluated Physics Teachers’ Perceived Digital Competence For Robotics Deployment in Emerging Secondary Schools Education Systems in Ogun State, Nigeria using the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) framework. A descriptive survey research design was employed, with the target population of physics teachers of public secondary schools in Ogun Central Senatorial District of Ogun State. District and Schools were selected using Cluster Sampling and Random sampling Techniques. The sample size of this study consists of 83 physics teachers. To determine the reliability of the research instrument, a pilot study was carried out which revealed a reliability coeffecient of 0.864 and 0.749 were determined using Chronbach Alpha test for Performance Expectancy and Effort Expectancy respectively. Mann-Whitney U-test was employed to test the hypotheses, both hypotheses were retained. The findings indicated that there is no significant difference in Performance Expectancy and Effort Expectancy between male and female physics teachers regarding the future deployment of robots in teaching and learning, with the findings showing no statistical significant difference and the readiness of physics teachers for adopting robotics, offering critical insights into effective deployment of robotics to schools. The study recommended that training programs should also be standardised, emphasising practical skills for robot integration regardless of gender.
Keywords: Technology; Physics Teachers; Digital Competence; Emerging Secondary School Education; UTAUT.
HOUSING QUALITY AND QUALITY OF LIFE IN RAPIDLY URBANIZING CITIES: EVIDENCE FROM KUBWA SATELLITE TOWN, ABUJA
BILYAMINU DAUDA ALI; & DR MOHAMMED BALA BANKI
Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Federal University of Technology Minna
Abstract
This study investigates the complex relationship between housing quality indicators and residents’ quality of life in Kubwa satellite town, Abuja, Nigeria. Through a comprehensive analysis of data collected from 380 households, the research examines how various dimensions of housing quality correlate with different domains of quality of life. The study employs a quantitative approach, utilizing correlation analysis and descriptive statistics to establish relationships between multiple housing quality indicators and quality of life domains. The findings reveal significant correlations between construction quality and physical quality of life (r = 0.397), material quality of life (r = 0.357), and psychological quality of life (r = 0.331). Space adequacy demonstrates strong correlations with both physical well-being (r = 0.353) and psychological well-being (r = 0.339). Environmental quality indicators show robust correlations with physical (r = 0.69) and psychological (r = 0.74) well-being domains. These results provide compelling empirical evidence for the importance of housing quality in determining residents’ overall well-being and suggest crucial implications for housing policy and urban development in rapidly growing African cities.
Keywords: Housing Quality, Quality of Life, Urban Development, Satellite Towns, Housing Policy, Nigeria
ENHANCING SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL BIOLOGY STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT USING STATIC AND ANIMATED INFOGRAPHICS PLATFORMS IN NIGER STATE, NIGERIA
JOHN RANSOME1; DR. ALI FATI2; DR. CHIKE OKOLI3
Department of Educational Technology Federal University of Technology, Minna
Abstract
The study enhanced senior secondary school Biology students’ academic achievement using static and animated infographics platforms in Niger state, Nigeria. A pretest posttest quasi-experimental research design was adopted in which two research questions and two null hypotheses guided the study. The sample consisted of 119 (54 males and 65 females) Biology students as intact class of SS II of the four (4) selected secondary schools using a cluster-sampling technique. Two schools were assigned into experimental group I and two schools assigned as experimental group II. Forty (40) multiple-choice questions were used for data collection at pretest and posttest, the instrument were validated by experts and subjected to pilot testing. Coefficient of 0.99 for Static Infographics of the Human Digestive System (SIHDS) and 0.86 for Animated Infographics of the Human Digestive System (AIHDS) as determined through Pearson’s correlation coefficient indicating a strong correlation between the two sets. The data was analysed using mean and standard deviation for the research questions and t-test was used for testing the null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. Findings revealed that there was a significant difference t=-47.06, df=118, p-value=0.001 at p<0.05, in the achievement scores. Findings also revealed that significant difference does not exist t-value (t=-0.35, df=1, p-value=0.776 at p>0.05, in the achievement scores of male and female Biology students after exposure to static and animated infographics on the human digestive system. It was recommended among others that Biology teachers should adopt and utilise infographics in their instructional practices.
Keywords: ICT, Achievement, Biology, Infographics, Gender
RELATIONSHIP AMONG PRINCIPALS’ COMMUNICATION SKILLS, TEACHERS’ JOB PERFORMANCE AND STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN FCT, ABUJA, NIGERIA
SALEH AGWOM DAUDA; & KALU CHUKWUDI O.
Department of Educational Management, Faculty of Education, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, P.M.B 1022, Keffi, Nasarawa. Nigeria.
Abstract
This empirical paper is on relationship among principals’ communication skills, teachers’ job performance and students’ academic achievement in public secondary schools in FCT, Abuja, Nigeria. The research focuses on howhow principals’ communication skills in friendliness and listening can improve teachers job performance and in turn enhance students’ academic achievement in public secondary schools in FCT, Abuja, Nigeria. Two objectives and two research questions were answered, including the testing of two hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. A descriptive survey research design was used. The population of this study is 3,450 which consists of 58 principals and 3,394 teachers in the public secondary schools in FCT, Abuja. The simple random sampling procedure of Taro Yamen formulae was adopted in determining the sample size. While the sample size stood at 330. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Hypotheses were tested using Pearson Product Moment Co-efficient Co-relationship (PPMCC) statistical tool. The finding reveals that principal friendly skill in communication and principal listening skill in communication strongly relates to improved teachers’ job performance and students’ academic achievements in public secondary schools in FCT, Abuja, Nigeria. The study recommends that principals should improve in their communication skills especially in the areas of friendliness and listening which will in turn influence teachers’ job performance and further enhances students’ academic achievements in public secondary schools in FCT, Abuja, Nigeria.
Keywords: Principals Communication Skills, Teachers’ Job Performance, Students Academic Achievement and Secondary Education
EFFECTS OF GROUP AND TEACHER-STUDENTS INTERACTION APPROACHES ON STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN GEOMETRY IN KADUNA METROPOLIS, KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA
SULE SAMUEL SARDAUNA (Ph.D)
Department of Education, Faculty of Arts and Education, Yobe State University, Damaturu
ABSTRACT
The study investigated the effects of Group and Teacher-students interaction approaches on students’ academic performance in Geometry. The study population comprised 11,874senior secondary one (SS1 students from 106 senior secondary schools in Kaduna metropolis. Sample size of 200 students selected from different three schools using simple random sampling technique was used for the study. A quasi experimental design of two experimental groups and a control group was employed for the study. Geometry Performance Test (GPT) was used as instrument for data collection. The GPT was validated by two experts; one mathematics educator and one in measurement and evaluation for both face and content validity. A reliability index of 0.86 was obtained using Kunder-Richerdson 21 formula. Descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviations were used to answer the research questions while inferential statistics of Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The findings of study revealed that there is significant difference between the mean performance scores of students taught using group and teacher-students interaction approaches and lecture method (P< 0.05), Students taught geometry using group and teacher-students interaction approaches performed better than students taught using lecture method. It also revealed that there is significant difference between the mean performance scores of male and female students taught using group interaction approach (P<0.05), male students performed better than their female counterparts in group interaction approach. In line with the findings, the study recommended among others that, both group and teacher-students interaction approaches should be embraced by mathematics teachers in teaching geometry branch of mathematics in senior schools in order to enhance students’ academic performance.
Keywords: Group interaction approach, Teacher-students approach, Performance, Gender
ACCESSIBILITY TO DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR TEACHING AMONG LECTURERS IN FEDERAL POLYTECHNICS IN NORTH-CENTRAL, NIGERIA
SULEIMAN, SAIDU1, DR. P. O. CHUKS-IBE2 AND DR. R. O. SALAMI3
Federal Polytechnic, Bida1, Federal University of Technology, Minna
Abstract
This paper examined the accessibility digital technologies for teaching among lecturers in federal polytechnics in North-Central, Nigeria. The study was guided by two objectives and two corresponding research questions and one null hypothesis. The total population for the study was 1,540. This comprised 2,455 lecturers drawn from the federal polytechnics in North-central, Nigeria. Krejcie and Morgan table was used to determine the sample size of the study which was 333. Questionnaire and checklist were the research instruments used for data collection. Out of 333 copies of questionnaire administered, 261 copies were filled, returned and used for the analysis representing 78% response rate. Descriptive statistical tools, mean and standard deviation were used to analyse the data. The findings of the study revealed among others that accessibility to digital technologies for teaching among lecturers is low. The respondents revealed that they have access to digital technologies for teaching in the library, institutional repositories, social media sources and mobile applications. The study concluded that the roles of digital technologies in teaching cannot be underestimated because digital technologies is helping to solve many problems in the educational institutions especially the polytechnic system. The study recommended among others that the management of federal polytechnics in North-central, Nigeria should develop programmes through conferences, workshops and seminar organised for lecturers to enhance their teaching activities as well as learning process of students especially with the usage of digital technologies.
Keywords: Accessibility, Digital technologies, Lecturers, Teaching
REVIEW ON SOME TRANSITION METAL (III) COMPLEXES AND THEIR APPLICATIONS
YAGANA M. SHETTIMA AND YAKUBU B. KANADA
Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Ramat Polytechnic, Maiduguri, Borno State.
Abstract
The chemistry of coordination compounds is an important and challenging area of modern inorganic chemistry. New concepts of chemical bonding and molecular structure have provided insights into the functioning of vital component. Coordination compounds are generally prepared by common methods such as substitution reactions, redox reactions and by the direct combination. Structure elucidation often involve the use of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR spectroscopy) other characterization techniques include mass spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography, magnetic susceptibility, and some physical and chemical properties, such as solubility, colour and conductivity. Metal (III) coordination compounds also have applications for example in industry, medicine and Agriculture. Co-ordination complexes of ruthenium (III) and rhodium (III) have been shown to have potential applications in solar energy conversion. The vanadium (III) complexes are widely used in biological and industrial fields. Vanadium complex was utilized for the electro catalytic sensing of vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) which is an important vitamin for both mental and physical health process. Vanadium compounds have different physiological roles, such as insulin-mimetic action, anti-hypertension, anti-hyperlipidemia, anti-obesity. Au(III) complexes were introduced to treat rheumatoid arthritis, bismuth, antimony and mercury compounds have been employed to combat bacterial and parasitic diseases and used for eradication of infections. Fe (III) complexes have enhanced antibacterial and antifungal activities, Cr (III) complexes are used as dyes, Bi (III) complexes are used as anti-ulcer drugs, Co (III) complexes are also used in production of cosmetics.
Keyword: Transition metal (III) V, Cr, Fe, Co, Complexes, Applications
EFFECTS OF MUSIC-PLAY STRATEGY ON PUPILS’ SOCIAL SKILLS IN AFIJIO, LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF OYO STATE, NIGERIA
OYEGOKE, DEBORAH ADEPEJU (Ph.D.)
Primary Education Department, School of ECPA Education, Federal College of Education (Special), Oyo
Abstract
This study investigates effects of music-play strategy on pupils’ social skills in Afijio Local Government Area of Oyo. The related literature were reviewed on the concept of music, social skills among others. The study adopted a quasi-experimental design using pre-test, post-test control group with a 2×2 factorial matrix. The population of the study comprised primary school pupils in Afijio Local Government, while 86 pupils of intact classes form the sample. Two instruments (Music-play package, and social skills scale) were developed, validated and used for data collection. The data were analyzed using Mean and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). The study concluded that music-play is a good strategy to enhance pupils’ social skills. Findings revealed that music-play strategy improved pupils’ social skills F (1,81) = 19.532, P<0.05 while, gender ceased to be a factor in enhancing pupils’ social skills F (1,81) = .845, P > 0. 05.. The concludes that music play strategy enhances pupils’ social skills irrespective of their gender. Based on the findings, the study recommended among others that curriculum planners should incorporate music-play activities into the school curriculum to support development of pupils’ social skills; Government should provide training programmes for teachers on how to effectively use music-play strategies in their teaching.
Keywords: Music, Play, Social Skills, Pupils
THE EVOLUTION OF PRIVACY LAWS IN THE DIGITAL AGE
KHADIJAT NASIR
Department of Legal Studies, Federal Polytechnic Mubi, Adamawa State, Nigeria
Abstract
The revolution of the digital era has swept through privacy laws across the globe. Widespread application of data harvesting, storage, and transmission on digital media, social networks, and Internet of Things (IoT) has posed connected legal and ethical questions regarding protection of personal data. This paper discusses the evolution of privacy laws, with a focus on the change from traditional legal structures to modern, data-oriented laws. It covers significant milestones in privacy legislation, such as the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA), and the impact of emerging technologies on the application and interpretation of privacy laws. The research discovers the relevant problems that the digital age has raised, including data protection vs. innovation, consent and transparency problems, and mounting issues of data breaches and cyber security. The essay also considers the role played by international co-operation in shaping privacy law through terms of global data flows and cross-national data exchange. From a review of existing case law and scholarship, the paper gives the evolution of privacy law from their earliest origins through to today and considers the future of privacy protection in an increasingly networked world. It finally advocates for flexible legal regimes that evolve to keep up with ongoing technological change without trading off individual rights to privacy.
Keywords: Privacy Laws, Data Protection, GDPR, Digital Age, Consent, Cross-border Data Sharing, Artificial Intelligence
ANTI-ULCEROGENIC POTENTIAL AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF CANARIUM SCHWEINFURTHII OIL AND IN-SILICO DOCKING WITH UREASE RECEPTOR
KEFAS NATSA VICTOR
Biology Department, Kaduna State College of Education Gidan Waya P.M.B. 1024, Kafanchan, Nigeria.
Funding source: Tertiary Education Trust Fund, Institution Based Research (IBR)
ABSTRACT
Insilico docking studies were carried out on 8 selected phytochemicals with prepared crystal structure of urease enzyme (PDB ID: 4LPS) revealing Ferulic acid as the top binder with a binding energy of -5.42 kcal/mol. At the same time, salicyclic acid has a binding energy of -5.12 kcal/mol as the compound with the highest number of 7 various interactions when docked with urease enzymes. Drug likeness evaluation reveals Salicylic acid, Maleic acid, Ferulic acid, P-coumaric acid, Quercetin, and Kaempferol to comply with Lipinski’s Rule of Five, suggesting good oral bioavailability and as potential drug candidates for peptic ulcer disease treatment. The strong binding affinities and manageable toxicity profiles suggest that several phytochemicals from Canarium schweinfurthii oil, particularly Ferulic acid, are promising for developing bioavailable therapies for peptic ulcer disease.
Keywords: Ferulic acid, quercetin, insilico-docking, urease enzymes, peptic ulcer diseases, binding energy, Helicobacter pylori, Canarium schweinfurthii, anti-ulcerogenic.
PREVENTION OF ANTI-MALARIAL DRUG RESISTANCE AMONG POST-NATAL MOTHERS THROUGH HEALTH INFORMATION DISSEMINATION BY LIBRARIANS IN FEDERAL COLLEGE OF EDUCATION, BENUE STATE
ABUBAKAR, USMAN1 AND NURA MOHAMMED MUSA2.
College Library, Federal College of Education, Odugbo, Benue State.
Abstract
This paper investigated the prevention of anti-malarial drug resistance among post-natal mothers through health information dissemination by librarians in Federal College of Education, Odugbo, Benue State. The study was guided by one objective which is to determine the extent health information dissemination affects anti-malarial drug resistance among post-natal mothers in Odugbo community. Survey research design method was adopted for the study. The targeted population of the study was 192 which comprised 187 post-natal mothers and 5 librarians. Total enumeration or census was carried out because the population size is manageable. Questionnaire was used as instrument for data collection. Out of the 187 and 5 copies of questionnaire administered to both group of respondents, 184 and 5 copies were filled, returned and used for the analysis. Descriptive statistics was used to analyse the data. The findings of the study revealed that the extent to which information dissemination by librarians affect anti-malarial drug resistance among post-natal mothers is moderate. The study further revealed that the extent to which use of information dissemination according to post-natal mothers affects anti-malarial drug resistance is low. The study concluded that information dissemination helps post-natal mothers to gather information on child delivery, provides general health and medication information, make them aware of the effects of drug abuse and how to strictly adhere to malaria prescription and drugs for treatment. The study recommended that the management of Federal College of Education where the college library is established should collaborate with healthcare professionals to provide accurate and up-to-date information on malaria prevention and treatment.
Keywords: Anti-malarial drug resistance, Health information dissemination, Librarians, Malaria, Post-natal mothers.
CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT AND SHAREHOLDERS’ VALUE OF DEPOSIT MONEY BANKS IN NIGERIA
1ABIOLA, BOLAJI IBRAHIM,* 2SOTAN, KAFILAT ABISOLA & 3SALAWUDEEN, SHAKIRAT OPEYEMI
1Department of Accountancy Federal Polytechnic Offa, Kwara State. 2,3Department of Banking & Finance Polytechnic Offa, Kwara State
Abstract
This study examines the impact of credit risk management on shareholders’ value in deposit money banks, using Guaranty Trust Bank (GTBank) as a case study. Poor credit risk management can lead to loan defaults, financial instability, and a decline in shareholders’ value. The study adopts an ex-post facto research design and utilizes secondary data from GTBank’s annual reports (2019–2023). The population consists of deposit money banks listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE), with GTBank selected through judgmental sampling due to its financial significance. Credit risk management is assessed using Non-Performing Loans (NPL), Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), and Loan-to-Deposit Ratio (LDR), while shareholders’ value is measured using Return on Shares (ROS). Multiple regression analysis is employed to determine the relationship between credit risk management and shareholders’ value. The findings reveal that capital adequacy ratio positively influences shareholders’ value, while non-performing loans and loan-to-deposit ratios have a negative effect. The study recommends that banks enhance their credit risk management strategies to minimize loan defaults and maintain an optimal loan-to-deposit ratio. It also suggests that regulatory bodies strengthen risk management policies to protect shareholders’ interests.
Keywords: Credit Risk Management, Shareholders’ Value, Deposit Money Banks, Non-Performing Loans, Capital Adequacy Ratio
EXPLORING MICROSOFT OFFICE APPLICATIONS FOR TEACHERS PRODUCTIVITY IN HIGH INSTITUTIONS
SHAFA MOHAMMED
Department of Office Technology and Management, Federal Polytechnic, Kaura Namoda, Zamfara State
ABSTRACT
Every teacher wants to see students succeed in learning and in life, which makes them now struggle to learn how to operate computers to succeed and to meet with the global challenges attached to the teaching profession in the world. This paper titled Exploring Microsoft Office Applications for Teachers Productivity in High Institutions, critically analyzes Microsoft office applications and some of its types that are needed by teachers, such as Microsoft Word (to create and edit documents) Ms excel, (to perform the mathematical and logical calculations with analytical functions) Ms PowerPoint (for presentations), Ms Access (for database management) and Ms Outlook (for sending and receiving data by emails) which are the teacher’s basic productivity tools. The features and the uses of each package to teachers, challenges, and ways of solving them were also discussed. In conclusion; the higher education teachers suppose to be computer literates or learn how to operate computers to cope with the global challenges attached to the teaching carrier. It is suggested that: Regular workshops on the computer should be provided to teachers by the higher institutions’ authority so that every teacher will be computer literate. Teachers should mix their lesson with the use of computer’s PowerPoint in other to attract the attention of the students and make them feel connected to the teaching and learning in a new way.
Keywords: Microsoft Office Application, Teachers, Productivity, Higher Education
IMPACT OF HANDS ON SCIENCE ACTIVITIES ON PRESCHOOLERS’ SCIENCE CONCEPTS UNDERSTANDING AND PROBLEM-SOLVING SKILLS IN OYO WEST LOCAL GOVERNMENT
*OKUNOLA, OLUSOLA OLUFUNMILAYO; *ABIOYE JEMIMAH ANUOLUWAPO IYABODE; *OLATUNJI, SAHEED OLAWALE; & **ADEJARE, SODIQ ADIGUN
*Department of Early Childhood Care and Education, School of Early Childhood Care, Primary, Adult and Non-Formal Education (ECPAE). **Department of Primary Education, School of Early Childhood Care, Primary, Adult and Non-Formal Education (ECPAE)
Abstract
This study investigated the impact of hands-on science activities on preschoolers’ scientific understanding and problem-solving skills in Nigerian early childhood education settings. A quasi-experimental design was employed, where preschoolers aged 3 to 5 years were assigned to either an experimental group, which participated in intensive, practical science activities alongside the standard curriculum, or a control group, which followed only the standard curriculum. Data were collected at three intervals—pre-test, post-test, and a three-week retention test—using a Scientific Understanding Assessment, a Problem-Solving Skills Scale, and a Cognitive Development Measure. Quantitative analyses revealed that the experimental group demonstrated significantly higher gains in scientific understanding and problem-solving skills compared to the control group, with improvements sustained at the retention test. Additionally, analyses indicated that demographic factors, such as ethnic affiliation and preschool type, moderated these outcomes, whereas gender did not show a significant moderating effect. These findings suggest that integrating hands-on science activities in preschool curricula not only enhances immediate academic performance but also contributes to long-term cognitive development. Based on these results, the study recommends that educators and curriculum developers should incorporate practical, experiential science lessons to foster active learning and prepare preschoolers for future academic success in science.
Keywords: Hands-on science, Preschoolers, Scientific understanding, Problem-solving skills, Early childhood education, Nigeria, STEM, Cognitive development, Experiential learning, Curriculum reform.
TO DETERMINE THE EFFECTS OF SEATING POSITIONS AND WINDOWS LOCATIONS RELATIVE TO WHITEBOARD ON SUBJECTIVE VISUAL COMFORT IN A CLASSROOM
SAMUEL PETER
Department of Architectural Technology, School of Environmental Studies, Hussaini Adamu Federal Polytechnic, Kazaure, Jigawa State, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
Many schools are replacing blackboards with whiteboards that can be used with dry-erase markers. Many of the whiteboards have glossy surfaces that can cause visual discomfort in poorly-lit classrooms. This study aimed to determine the effects of seating positions and the position of daylight apertures relative to whiteboard on subjective visual comfort in a classroom. Four participants were asked to rate their glare experiences using questionnaires. Each participant carried out a visual task written on the whiteboard for 20 minutes after which a self-reported assessment was carried out. The data collected were analysed and presented using architectural floor plan of the classroom and statistical tables from the 112 questionnaires rated. The findings showed that intolerable glare sensations were experienced by 79% of the participants when they occupied seating positions at the flanks of the classroom. Participants reported only about 14% intolerable glare when they occupied central seating positions. The study concluded that passive design strategies should be utilised by designers and policy makers to mitigate the negative effects of glare in day-lit classrooms where whiteboards are used.
Keywords: Classroom, Daylight, Seating position, Visual comfort, Whiteboard, Windows.
FINANCIAL INCLUSION, ENTREPRENUERIAL BUSINESS PERFORMANCE, AND AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT NEXUS: EVIDENCE FROM STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELS (SEM)
KEKEREOWO ISAAC OLUWAFEMI1 & HAFIZ ISMAIL2
1Department of Economics, Federal Collage of Education, Yola. 2Department of Economics, Federal Collage of Education, Yola.
ABSTRACT
The study examined the relationship between Financial Inclusion, Entrepreneurial Business Performance, and Agricultural Output in Adamawa State, Nigeria. The data for the study was primary in nature, which was sourced from the structured questionnaire. nine-teen (19) out of the twenty-one (21) local governments of Adamawa states was sampled in line with the sample size developed by Sakaranj (2003). The data then were analysed with the applications of Structural Equation Models (SEM). The findings of the study revealed that, the relationship between access to financial services, Entrepreneurial business performance, and Agricultural output are 0.68 and 0.71. that is, I unit increase in access to financial services, entrepreneurial business performance Agricultural output increase by 68% and 71%. This implies that access to financial services significantly affects both Entrepreneurial business performance and Agricultural output. On the other hand, the result with respect to the relationship between usage of financial services, Entrepreneurial business performance, and Agricultural output are 0.50 and 0.49. this indicates that Entrepreneurial business performance, and Agricultural output increases by 50% and 49% as a result of the 1% increase in usage of financial services. Furthermore, in regard to the relationship between product quality and service delivery, Entrepreneurial business performance, and Agricultural output, the result indicates that, Entrepreneurial business performance increase by 65% and Agricultural output increase by 55% due to 1% increase in product quality and service delivery. It has been observed from the result of the study that, access to financial services carries high magnitude of the effect of financial inclusions than that of the usage of financial services and product quality and service delivery. The study recommends that measures have to be put in place to standardised financial inclusions so as to improved Entrepreneurial business performance, and Agricultural output.
Keywords: Financial inclusion, Entrepreneurial Business performance, Agricultural, Output, and Structural Equation Models (SEM)
BUDGET AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS
TIJANI SULEMAN OLATUNJI; & ALASAN FLORENCE
Department of Public Administration, School of Administration, Business and Management, Auchi Polytechnic, Auchi, Edo State.
Abstract
Budget in Nigeria has continued to spring up a lot of controversies concerning the modality for its preparation and administration as a result of the continuous change in government and the consequential change in policy and ideology. Nigeria’s yearly budget has continued to climb as a consequence of high earnings from crude oil disposal and production, while public amenities such as decent roads, power, health, education, and communication are in high demand. Consequently, there is a pressing need to ensure appropriate level of economic development in the country as a whole. It’s worth noting that government spending has been rising for the past three decades. The secondary source of data collection was used where the exploratory research design was adopted. Budgeting has been marred with different problems which include; corruption and mismanagement, skilled manpower, lack of civil society participation, finance among others. Government in an attempt to achieve macro-economic goals and objectives of price stability, economic growth, stable and full employment, infrastructural development as well as balance of payments equilibrium, initiates several types of budget such as balanced, surplus, deficit, development as well as supplementary budget. The study recommends that government should ensure the strict adherence to due process in the implementation of its annual budget. In addition, the government should ensure adequate capital and recurrent expenditure implementation in the country, particularly in areas of economic and socio-community services.
ABSTRACT WITHOUT PROCEEDING
BRIDGING TRADITIONS AND INNOVATIONS: THE ROLE OF AFRICAN LITERATURE IN WORKFORCE DYNAMICS
NAFIU ABDULLAHI
Department of English and Literary Studies, Sule Lamido University, Kafin Hausa, Jigawa-Nigeria
ABSTRACT
The interplay between tradition and innovation is pivotal in shaping Africa’s workforce dynamics in an increasingly globalized world. African literature, deeply rooted in oral and written traditions, offers a unique lens through which the complexities of this transition can be explored. This paper examines how African literary works engage with themes of technological advancement, globalization, and cultural preservation to illuminate the challenges and opportunities inherent in workforce transformation. Through a critical analysis of selected texts, the study explores how authors address issues such as the erosion of indigenous knowledge systems, the digital divide, and the displacement of traditional livelihoods. At the same time, it highlights narratives that celebrate innovation, adaptability, and the creative integration of traditional practices with modern technologies. By bridging these seemingly disparate worlds, African literature provides a platform for reimagining the continent’s workforce in ways that respect cultural heritage while embracing the demands of a global economy. The discussion also underscores the role of storytelling in fostering critical thinking, creativity, and resilience—skills essential for thriving in the 21st-century workforce. Moreover, the paper advocates for the inclusion of African literary studies in educational curricula and policy dialogues, arguing that these narratives can inspire context-specific solutions to workforce challenges. Ultimately, this study positions African literature as not merely reflective of societal changes but as an active participant in shaping the discourse on the future of work in Africa. By bridging traditions and innovations, African literary narratives offer profound insights into how the continent can navigate workforce dynamics in a manner that is both sustainable and inclusive.
Kew Words: Traditions and Innovations, Workforce Dynamics, Africa Literature
FOOD INSECURITY AND CHILD MALNUTRITION: EVIDENCE FROM A RURAL HOUSEHOLDS SURVEY IN NORTHWESTERN NIGERIA, 2020-2024
MOHAMMED LAWAN
Department of Political Science, Faculty of Social and Management Sciences, Sule Lamido University Kafin Hausa, Jigawa State-Nigeria
Abstract
Access to adequate and qualitative food is globally recognised as a human right issue that demands collective actions as contained in several international agreements. However, in Nigeria, reports indicated that food insecurity and child malnutrition are major issues that the country is yet to address. The growing effect of climate change, poverty, irregular policies, war and conflict as well as low investment in agricultural production has made the problem to assume an unimaginable dimension. Resultantly, there is poor diets, low nutrient crops, high food prices, diseases, increased risk of illness and high risk of mortality especially among the underaged. Through the use of survey method and urban-biased theory as an explanatory too of analysis, the study established that the prevalence of food insecurity and child malnutrition in the area under study is not unconnected with the neglect of the rural areas in the implementation of developmental policies and initiatives that are geared towards mitigating the growing effect of climate change that continue to pose threats to food security. It is therefore concluded that, if not adequately managed, the consequences of food insecurity and child malnutrition can lead to a decline in global agricultural workforce, worsen sustainable food production and lack of access to qualitative life especially among the rural dwellers. To address the problem, the study recommends for proper implementation of environment-friendly policies that will mitigate the growing effect of climate change and provide enabling environment for rural dwellers to have easy access to improve seeds which if cultivated will provide the needed nutrient to the affected population.
Keywords: Food Insecurity, Child Malnutrition, Rural House Hold, Survey, Nigeria
EXTRACTION AND ASSESSING THE RESIDUE LEVEL CONCENTRATION OF ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES IN BEANS (Vigna Unguiculata (L)Walp.) IN SELECTED LOCATIONS OF GASHAKA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF TARABA STATE, NIGERIA
HARUNA IBRAHIM; SANUSI ABUBAKAR; AND MOHAMMED HAMMAJAM
Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Federal Polytechnic, PMB 05 Bali, Taraba State. Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
Organochlorine pesticides have been widely used to prevent and treat plant diseases and pests in agricultural products and as a result, excessive residual pesticide content is frequently reported in water, soil and foodstuff. These compounds have been restricted or banned in many regions of the world due to the proven and potential health risks associated with their use making the detection of residual organochlorine pesticides a growing concern. The study aimed at determining the levels of organochlorine pesticides residues in beans collected from Garbabi, Gayam and Baruwa towns to find out the extent of pesticide contamination and accumulation. The beans samples were grounded and subjected to Soxhlet extraction. The extracts were later analyzed for organochlorine pesticide residues using Gas-Chromatography coupled with mass spectrometer (GC-MS). Total of thirteen (13) organochlorine pesticide residues were analyzed which include Delta Lindane, Alpha Lindane, Gamma Lindane, Heptachlor, Aldrin, Endrin, Heptachlor Epoxide, Endosulfan I, Endosulfan II, P’P-DDE, P’P-DDD, P’P-DDT and Methoxychlor. Based on the results obtained, Gamma Lindane has the highest concentration of 3.01 mg/kg from Gayam and 1.32 mg/kg from Baruwa, follow by Alpha-Lindane which has the concentration of 1.47 also from Baruwa. the results of this work show about 67% of the pesticide analyzed were detected in very higher concentrations more than the maximum residue levels (MRL) given by European Commission Pesticides database (ECPD), World Health Organization (WHO) and Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA) where the acceptable permissible limit range from 0.01 to 0.05 mg/kg. Therefore, there is need for the relevant agency to strictly control the importation, sale, use and disposal of these persistent compounds
Keywords: Beans; Pesticide; Residue; Organochlorine; Contamination
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND JOB AUTOMATION: A THREAT OR OPPORTUNITY FOR AFRICA’S WORKFORCE?
AHMAD MUHAMMAD NAJEEB; & AHMED JALALUDEEN BASHIR
Computer Science Department, Federal Polytechnic Bali, Taraba State
Abstract
As Artificial Intelligence (AI) continues to advance, its impact on workforce dynamics is becoming increasingly evident, particularly in Africa. This paper investigates whether AI-driven automation is a threat to employment or a catalyst for workforce transformation. Key concerns include job displacement, the lack of AI-related skills, and unequal access to technology. However, AI also presents opportunities for job creation, entrepreneurship, and efficiency improvements in key sectors such as agriculture, healthcare, and finance. The paper concludes that by fostering AI literacy, investing in digital infrastructure, and implementing forward-thinking policies, Africa can harness AI to drive sustainable economic development while minimizing its disruptive effects on employment.
Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Automation, Workforce.
THE IMPACT OF LANGUAGE ON ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA
*ANWAR DANJUMA; **BAMIDELE IBIYEMI LYDIA; & ***MUNTARI BABANGIDA
*Federal Polytechnic, Daura, Katsina State. **Federal University of Transportation, Daura, Katsina State, Department of General Studies. ***Federal Polytechnic, Daura, Katsina State, Department of General Studies
ABSTRACT
The impact of language on economic development in Nigeria is a multifaceted issue that warrants thorough examination. Language plays a crucial role in facilitating communication, shaping cultural identity, and influencing economic outcomes. In Nigeria, a country with over 250 ethnic languages and a colonial legacy of English language dominance, language policies and practices have significant implications for economic development. This paper seeks to explore the complex relationships between language, culture, and economic development in Nigeria, with a focus on the ways in which language can facilitate or hinder economic growth, poverty reduction, and social inequality. The paper will bring together scholars, policymakers, and practitioners to share research findings, experiences, and insights on the impact of language on economic development in Nigeria. Key themes to be explored include the role of language in entrepreneurship, innovation, and trade; the impact of language policy on economic outcomes; the relationship between language, education, and economic development; and the potential of indigenous languages to drive economic growth and cultural revitalization. By examining the intersections between language, culture, and economic development, this paper aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of the complex factors shaping Nigeria’s economic trajectory and to inform policies and practices that promote inclusive and sustainable economic growth.
Key words: Language, Economic Development, Linguistic Diversity, Cultural Identity
ETHICAL STANDARD AND FAVORITISM IN NIGERIA PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY: EFFECTS AND REMEDIES
LAWAL MOSHOOD KAYODE
Department of Public Administration, the Oke-Ogun Polytechnic, Saki, Oyo State
ABSTRACT
Public service is a beaureaucratic organization made up of Public servants who are recruited on the bases of their qualifications and expertise. Public servants have the rules they obey and follow in the discharge of their duties. The paper aims to examine the effect of Ethical standards and Favoritism in Nigeria public service delivery, it’s effects, the trust of the standard and public service delivery. The paper adopts case study design. Data gathers from the secondary sources and examines through Thematic analysis. The paper reveals that Nigeria’s diverse ethnical and regional affiliations as well as political patronage are the factors that lead to an act of Favoritism in Nigeria public service. And these results to poor quality of services by Public servants, loss of credibility in governance and reduced productivity. Therefore, it concludes that there should be a reform of public service through strict enforcement mechanism with the code of conduct, increase transparency through merit base practices and reward system to the obedient public servants. This will serve as encouragement to public servants and reduce unethical intervention of government that hinders the standard and quality service delivery in Nigeria.
Keywords: Ethical standard, Favoritism, public service, Nigeria
ONLINE LEARNING IN HIGHER EDUCATION: A COMPARISON OF STUDENTS SUCCESS AND SATISFACTION IN TRADITIONAL AND DIGITAL CLASSROOMS
*OLABISI, HAKEEM OLALEKAN; & **LUKMAN, TAJUDDEEN
*The Oke-Ogun Polytechnic, Saki (TOPS). Oyo State. **Federal University of Kashere, Gombe, Gombe state, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
Online learning, was introduced in the 1990s, and it has become prevalent in higher education. This research explores a comparison of student’s success and satisfaction in traditional and Digital classrooms. The study explores its effectiveness and optimal delivery methods. While online learning offers flexibility and accessibility, student perception are mixed. The also investigate the impact of course design and delivery (traditional, online, or hybrid) on students learning and satisfaction. Presently, one of the most challenging tasks is the improvement of methods of traditional learning in higher institution. The need to improve these methods originates from the fact that traditional learning represents an improper bond between knowing and recognizing both the individual and the society. The majority of modern society frowns at learning for personal gains. On those bases, an idea to improve traditional learning methods occurred, in order to develop a literate and technologically functional society with the use of modern technologies (Deni & Petkovi, 2018). As we enter the new millennium, educators are facing many challenges unlike before and just as the internal combustion engine changed the world, the World Wide Web (WWW) has changed the way in which we teach our students at all educational levels. Despite the rapid advancement of web-based learning in today’s institutions of higher education, it would be naive to assume that new teaching technologies available via the web will find widespread acceptance (Leidner & Jarvenpaa, 1996). Many faculty members still view the computer not as an extension of their classroom, but as a foreign object taking up desk space. Few are able to use software packages beyond their basic functions, and many still do not know how to access e-mail or make other exploration with the system. This philosophy of sticking with the old and proven methods of educating may obliterate higher institution of learning from the face of the educational map (http://horizon.unc.edu). Results suggest hybrid approaches may be the most effective method. The results of this research indicate that the students who were using electronic methods of learning in combination with traditional learning had become more motivated, skilled and interested in a new way of thinking that activates all senses in order to enhance their intellectual prowess.
Keywords: Online learning, Higher education, Traditional learning, Digital classrooms. and Hybrid.
THE IMPACT OF INSURGENCY ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS AFFECTING CHILDREN’S EDUCATION IN SOME SELECTED STATES IN NORTH-EAST NIGERIA
MAL. MOHAMMED ZANNA MALILIMA; & STEPHEN PETER
Department of Biology, Borno State College of Education Bama, Borno State Nigeria
ABSTRACT
The study investigated the impact of insurgency on socio-economic factors affecting children’s Education in some selected states in north-east Nigeria. The Survey research design was used and structured questionnaires were administered to sixty (150) respondents on thirty (30) items. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistic (mean) to answer research questions. The results showed that, out of all the factors that determine socio-economic factors on children education that were considered, lack of parental upbringing has the highest mean (3.25) while prevalence of socio-economic injustice has the lowest mean (2.77) among the respondents. Also, respondents with highest mean (3.37) agreed that extremism in preaching of religion is the most widely cause of insurgency while respondents with lowest mean (1.90) disagreed that underdevelopment of northeast does not really have an impact on the causes of insurgency. Finally, all the respondents agreed that insurgency affects economic development. Results from the research led to the conclusion that lack of parental upbringing is a major factor that determines socio-economic characteristics of children education, extremism in preaching of religion is the most widely cause of insurgency and insurgency results in high rate of school dropout, unemployment and increase in inflation. Further study was recommended to identify other factors and how to prevent them.