THEME: AFRICAN NATIONS NAVIGATING THROUGH TRANSFORMATION IN AN AGE OF GLOBAL RAPID DEVELOPMENT (GRD): ETHICAL DILEMMAS AND SOLUTION IN THE RAPIDLY EVOLVING LANDSCAPE
DATE: 26th – 29th MARCH, 2025
VENUE: UNIVERSITY OF MAIDUGURI, BORNO STATE, NIGERIA
ORGANIZER: NIGHTINGALE PUBLICATIONS AND RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
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CONFERENCE ABSTRACT:
OPTIMAL DESIGN OF A MICROGRID FOR UNIVERSITY CAMPUS: A REVIEW
ALIYU ABUBAKAR GIWA; LANRE OLATOMIWA; & J.A. AJIBOYE
Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering. Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria.
Abstract
With distributed generation, microgrid deployment keeps increasing even in university campus, emphasizing their ability to enhance energy reliability, sustainability, and management practices. The objective of the microgrid is to ensure better energy reliability, security and efficiency. This paper aims to provide readers with the latest studies in the field of microgrid in university campus. It examines various configurations of microgrids, particularly focusing on the integration of renewable energy sources. Through comprehensive analysis of existing literatures, the paper identifies gaps in current research and underscores the need for innovative solutions tailored to the unique energy demands of educational institutions.
Keywords: Microgrid, University Campus, Techno-economic, Distributed generation, Renewable energy sources.
EXAMINATION OF THE TREND IN GREEN AREA ENCROACHMENT IN AMAC, ABUJA USING GEOSPATIAL TECHNIQUES
ADAMU, A. B.; ODEKUNLE, M. O.; & SULE, M. I.
Department of Geography, Federal University of Technology Minna, Niger State. Nigeria
ABSTRACT
Most cities around the world, including Abuja Municipal are being faced with an undesirable increased in air temperature. This is indicated by an increase in non-porous, non-evaporating, highly thermal conductive surfaces such as concrete and asphalt, which has replaced the vegetation biomass resulting to the formation of urban heat island. The aim of this study is to exam the Trend in Green Area Encroachment in AMAC, Abuja Using Geospatial Techniques. This research employed geospatial techniques to determine the Trend in Green Area Encroachmentintensity in Abuja Municipal for thirty years (1992 – 2022) using Landsat imagery. Change detection method and Intersect Analysis tool in ArcGIS was utilized to identify areas of change between the Green Area vectors for each time periodin ArcGIS was used to examine the trend in green area encroachments.The results from the LULC analysis showed that, non-green areas increased from 1952.41km2 in 1992 to 4276.87km2 in 2022 while green areas decreased from 5674.39km2 in 1992 to 3343.84km2in 2022. These findings can deepen the understanding of UHI formation and provide useful and practical information for urban planners and urban designers about how to design green spaces with stronger cooling effects to mitigate UHI phenomenon within the hot and humid cities in Nigeria. The study recommends preserving and replicating greenery, light coloured facades as measures to reduce the effects of urban heat island.Also, monitoring and evaluation system should be established to track changes in green area.
KEYWORDS: Mining, Land Use and Land Cover, Remote Sensing, Geographic Information System, Landsat image, Urban Heat Island, AMAC, Green Area
ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF MARKET FIRES ON THE LIVELIHOOD ACTIVITIES OF TRADERS IN KARIMO MARKET, ABUJA
UMAR, MOHAMMED; & DR. G.I. KUTA
Center for Disaster Risk Management and Development Studies, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
Markets have been identified as one of the most vulnerable sections of urban centers to fire disasters in which losses due to market fires was reported to run from millions of naira to billions over the time. Fire outbreak in markets is a problem in Nigeria which have had so many adverse effects on the individual traders, properties, valuable asset and to the country as a whole. It is on this note therefore that the researcher intends to established the impact of market fire on the livelihood of the market traders in Karimo market Abuja, Nigeria. The data employed in this study were generated from two major sources which include primary source of data and secondary data. The primary data for this study include questionnaire administration, oral interview and reconnaissance survey. The data for each of the objectives were analyzed using suitable methodology and they include 3-point Likert Rating Scale analysis, frequency-percentage, statistical mean and standard deviation. The result shows that inadequate turning of all electrical appliances ranked the highest with 20.4% of the respondents, wrong electrical installation ranked second with 17.5% of the respondents, inadequate awareness on the causes of market fire incident ranked third with 15.5%, overloading of the fuse or socket ranked fourth with 14.7% and inadequate access roads for cars within the market ranked the least with 5.3% of respondents. This revealed that the major cause of market fire incident was inadequate turning of all electrical appliances, the moderate cause was power surge from Power Holding Company of Nigeria and the lowest or least cause was inadequate access roads for cars within the market. The result also shows that loss of goods and other valuables ranked the highest with 29.5%, loss of means of livelihood by traders ranked second with 21.9%, physical injuries to individuals ranked third with 18.3%, high overhead cost on government to rebuild burnt market ranked fourth with 16.4% and leads to social vices and criminality ranked the least with 13.9% of the sampled population. This revealed that the major impact of market fire on the livelihood activities of the traders was loss goods and other valuables. The findings shows that the effective safety equipment and measures include training on awareness for fire preparedness in your market place, are flammable liquids safely handled and stored, are the wastes in your market burnt or buried in the ground, is your shop insured against loss from fire disaster and does your market have separate section/ place for cooking/restaurant. The less effective safety facilities equipment and measures include present of fire safety policy/ regulation in your market, are all the extinguishers properly charged and pressurized and are transformer areas, motors, fuse panels, and switch boxes cleanly maintained. Based on the findings of the study, it can be concluded that fire disaster occurs frequently in these markets. In addition, fault electricity was reported as one of the major causes of fire outbreak in the markets as well as Fire ignition and Renovation.
Keywords: Impact, Market Fires, Livelihood Activities, Traders, and Karimo Market
A SIGNIFICANT BUT OFTEN OVERLOOKED THREAT: HOW POOR WASTE MANAGEMENT ENDANGERS PUBLIC HEALTH
*MORENIKE O. ADEOLA; & **CHUKUKA VIVIAN ISHIOMA
*Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Dennis Osadebay University, Asaba, Nigeria. **Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Science, Dennis Osadebay University, Asaba, /Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
Waste management is a critical component of public health and environmental sustainability. However, poor waste management practices pose a silent yet significant threat to communities worldwide. This paper explores the direct and indirect impacts of inadequate waste disposal, including the proliferation of vector-borne diseases, contamination of water sources, air pollution, and the long-term effects of hazardous waste exposure. Contaminated environments contribute to respiratory illnesses, gastrointestinal infections, and vector-borne diseases like dengue and malaria. Furthermore, exposure to toxic chemicals from industrial and electronic waste increases the risk of cancer, neurological disorders, and reproductive issues. Unregulated dumping sites, insufficient recycling programs, and ineffective waste treatment exacerbate health risks, particularly in densely populated urban areas and low-income regions. Landfills methane emissions drive global warming, while open waste releases toxic pollutants. To mitigate these risks, waste management policies must prioritize stricter regulations, public education, and sustainable practices like recycling, composting, and waste – to – energy technologies. This review highlights the silent yet pervasive threat of poor waste management and advocates for immediate action to safeguard human health and the planet.
Keywords: Public health, Waste management, Environmental pollution, Disease prevention, Sustainable waste practices.
EMERGING OIL TRENDS IN NIGERIAN ECONOMIC SYSTEM AND GOVERNANCE
ADEKUNLE ALAYE, PhD.
Department of Political Science, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria.
Abstract
The country’s vast oil wealth has not been a catalyst for equitable development, but rather has contributed to persistent socioeconomic inequality, corruption, and environmental harm. The main cause of this issue is the improper management of oil flows, which results in a lack of enthusiasm that prevents the benefits of this recurring value from being sufficiently channeled to ensure the sustainability of development initiatives. The corruption in the oil sector is also exacerbating the governance crisis, with bots, malfeasance, and fraudulent activities deeply unleashed. As a result, public trust in government institutions is eroded, which has a big impact on the country’s political and socioeconomic structures. Through the identification and critical analysis of the root causes of corruption, poor management, and environmental degradation, the study seeks to investigate the deeper connections between Nigerian governance and the petroleum industry. To develop effective anti-corruption strategies, the research necessitates a detailed analysis of the structural and systemic problems that fuel corruption in the oil and gas sector. It is necessary to evaluate policies to ensure the responsible extraction and management of petroleum resources.
Thus, the study aimed to provide all-encompassing solutions that would eventually support evidence-based policy
Keywords: Oil, Governance, Mismanagement, Corruption, Fourth Republic.
IMPACT OF MICROFINANCE BANK ON THE PERFORMANCE OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN MAIDUGURI METROPOLIS, BORNO STATE
ALHAJI UMAR MODU, ALHAJI MODU MAINA, BAWU ABBA SULEMAND AND USMAN MUHAMMED USMAN
Department of Business Administration, Federal Polytechnic Monguno, Borno State
Abstract
This study assess the impact of microfinance bank on the performance of small and medium enterprises in Maiduguri metropolis Borno State, Nigeria. The study examine the effect of employment generation on profitability, assess the effect of loan utilisation on sales growth and examine the effect of wealth creation on market share. The finding of the study revealed that there is a significant effect between employment generation and profitability, there is a significant effect between loan utilisation and sales volume and there is a significant effect between wealth creation and market share. The study concludes that microfinance bank have been a sources of finance for people in the local government area has performed below expectation in terms of making financial services accessible to large segment of the productive which would have little or no access to financial inclusion. The study recommends that government should regulate and monitor the activities of banks to redress the problems that affecting them in the area of financial intermediation for employment, government should also give out soft loan to the financial institutions so as to reduce cost of obtaining funds that will used for loan by the bank client through the ability of beneficiaries which lead to wealth creation in the grass root.
Keywords: Microfinance, Small and Medium Enterprises, Performance, Employment Generation, Loan Utilisation, Wealth creation
ENHANCED DYNAMIC DROOP CONTROL FOR MICROGRID FREQUENCY AND VOLTAGE STABILIZATION USING HYBRID ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS: A SECANT METHOD APPROACH
KENNETH UGO UDEZE1; & SUNDAY OLADEJO ADETONA2
1Department of Electrical Electronics Engineering, Federal Polytechnic Oko, Oko, Anambra State, Nigeria. 2Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
Due to their variable and intermittent nature, the integration of renewable energy sources poses control challenges related to voltage and frequency stability in isolated microgrids. This paper proposes an enhanced dynamic droop control strategy optimized in active-time along with a Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS) comprising Battery Energy Storage System (BESS), supercapacitors (SUPCA), and Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) to improve microgrid stability. The Dynamic Droop Gains (DDG) are continuously tuned using the rapid-converging SECANT numerical method to enhance transient response and steady-state performance, this was achieved using MATLAB/Simulink. The HESS combines the complementary characteristics of BESS, SUPCA and SMES to balance steady power supply and temporary overload capacity. Detailed simulation studies on a microgrid test system verify that the proposed control strategy significantly enhances voltage/frequency regulation, power sharing accuracy, BESS lifespan and overall stability compared to conventional droop techniques. The SUPCA further improves the transient performance and power quality by mitigating fluctuations. The research demonstrates an innovative way to harness advanced control algorithms and emerging storage technologies for next-generation resilient and sustainable microgrids.
Keywords: Microgrid, Energy storage systems, Battery energy storage, Superconducting magnetic energy storage, Super-capacitors.
METABOLIC ENGINEERING FOR BIOFUEL PRODUCTION
1UDEMEZUE, C.V.,2 UGWU, R.A.,3 OVUIKE,O.O.,4CHIAWA, O.C.,5UDOH, E.D.
1-4Federal College of Forest Resources Management, Ishiagu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. 5High Forest Research Station Awi, Cross River State, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
Metabolic engineering is a multidisciplinary field that combines principles of chemistry, biology, genetic and engineering to manipulate and optimize cellular metabolic pathway for production of valuable compounds such as biofuels, pharmaceuticals and industrial chemicals. It offers an alternative approach in which synthetic pathways are engineered into user friendly hosts for the production of these fuel molecules. This field has gain significant attention and importance in recent years due to its potential to address global challenges related to energy. The goal of metabolic engineering is to design and modify microbial to enhance the ability to produce desired products in a more efficient and cost effective manner. It plays a crucial role in the production of biofuels which are immflamable fuels made from biomass like starch and agricultural waste. It is classified based on their production like bioethanol, biodiesel and biogas. Biofuel is of great importance because it can reduce greenhouse gas emissions and also create new opptunities for the economic development. The challenges for scaling up biofuel production are infrastructure requirement, technology limitations etc. This paper concludes that by redesigning and fine-tuning metabolic pathways in microorganisms, building infrastructure and improving technology, reasearchers can enhance their ability to produce biofuel in a cost –effective and sustainable manner.
Keywords: Metabolic Engineering, Biofuel, Sustainable fuel production, Microorganism ,Renewable resources.
OPTIMIZATION OF CONSISTENCY PARAMETERS (PROPERTIES) OF LATERITIC SOIL STABILIZED WITH CEMENT CLINKER AND RICE HUSK ASH
AJAYI ABDULWASIU OLAMIDE; ENGR. PROF. A.A. AMADI; & ENGR. PROF. T.E ADEJUMO
Department of Civil Engineering, Federal Univeristy of Technology, Minna
Abstract
This study investigates the optimization of the consistency properties and compaction characteristics of lateritic soil stabilized with cement clinker (CC) and rice husk ash (RHA). Laboratory tests, including sieve analysis, Atterberg limits, and compaction tests, were conducted on soil samples treated with varying percentages of CC (0–8%) and RHA (0–10%) at specific intervals. The results revealed a reduction in plasticity index (PI) with increasing stabilizer content, indicating improved soil workability and reduced shrink-swell potential. The liquid limit (LL) and plastic limit (PL) showed varying trends, with stabilized samples exhibiting better cohesion and strength potential. Compaction results indicated a decline in maximum dry density (MDD) with increasing CC and RHA content, while optimum moisture content (OMC) increased, reflecting higher water demand for effective compaction. The statistical analysis reveals that %CC and %RHA have minimal impact on UCS-BSL in this study. The stabilization process modified the soil’s engineering properties, making it more suitable for construction applications requiring reduced plasticity and enhanced stability. It is concluded that an optimal mix proportion exists that balances workability and compaction performance, with further studies recommended to evaluate the long-term durability of the stabilized soil.
Keywords: Lateritic soil, Cement clinker, Rice husk ash, Soil stabilization
SELECTION OF FOOD ITEMS FOR DIABETIC PATIENTS USING OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUE (A CASE STUDY OF SAMPLED MARKETS IN IBADAN METROPOLIS)
OSUNTOKI N.B.; & FASASI S. K.
Department of Mathematics and Statistics, the Oke-Ogun Polytechnic, Saki
ABSTRACT
The central aim of this research paper is to select the food items that meet recommended diet for diabetic patients at minimum cost. Eight different available food items were considered in this research work. The food items include corn, oat, sorghum, beans, brown rice, millet, sweet potatoes and wheat bread. The information about nutrients combination of each food item was obtained online except that of Oat which was gotten from the tin. Bodija Market, Agbeni International Market, and Oojo Market in Ibadan were surveyed to get market price per kg of the food items. Using TORA software, the data was analyzed and the result recommends wheat bread for diabetes patient at minimum cost
Key words: Diabetic patients, Dietary Allowance, Food Item, Minimum Cost,
CASSAVA LEAF DISEASE DETECTION AND FERTILIZER RECOMMENDATION USING MULTI-SCALE CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK MODELS
USMAN ALI1, MUHAMMAD HABIBULLAH ABDULFATTAH 2, FATIMA ALIYU SHUGABA 3 ADAM BUKAR BABABE4
Department of Computer Engineering, Ramat Polytechnic, Maiduguri, Borno state of Nigeria1,. Department of Computer Engineering, University of Maiduguri, Borno state of Nigeria2,3
Abstract
This study aims to develop a cassava leaf disease detection and fertilizer recommendation using multi-scale convolutional neural network models. The proposed model leverages multi-scale feature extraction to achieve high accuracy in detecting common cassava diseases such as brown spot, cassava mosaic, and green mottle. Integrated with AR technology, the system offers an intuitive mobile interface that allows farmers to scan crops, receive real-time disease diagnosis, and access specific fertilizer recommendations for effective disease management. Optimized using Advanced Harris Hawk Optimization (AHHO), the model if implemented will demonstrate superior performance in terms of accuracy, precision, and computational efficiency. Field testing with smallholder farmers may be able to confirm the system’s practicality and effectiveness in real-world environments, with significant improvements in disease management, crop yield, and reduced chemical usage. The study will highlight the potential of combining deep learning with AR for sustainable agriculture, offering scalable solutions adaptable to other crops and agricultural practices.
OUTAGE ANALYSIS OF A 33 KV ELECTRIC POWER DISTRIBUTION FEEDER IN MINNA, NIGER STATE
HARUNA, AHMED IBRAHIM1, EUGENE OKENNA AGBACHI2 & JACOB TSADO3
1Electrical Engineering Department, Federal Polytechnic Bida. 2,3Department of Electrical/Electronic Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Minna
ABSTRACT
The reliability of electric power distribution systems is crucial for ensuring uninterrupted supply of electricity to customers. However, the system is prone to failures, interruptions and outages, which can have significant economic and social impacts. This study presents an outage analysis of a 33 kV electric power distribution feeder in Minna, Niger State. The feeder’s outage data for a period of 12 Months (January-December 2023) was collected and analyzed to identify the frequency, duration and causes of outages. The results show that the feeder experienced a total outage of 336, with a total duration of 386 hours. The study employed a quantitative research design, utilizing a retrospective approach to analyze historical outage data of the 33 kV electric power distribution feeder in Minna, Niger State collected from Transmission Company of Nigeria (TCN).
Keywords: Outage analysis, electric power distribution, reliability, SAIFI, SAIDI, CAIDI, 33 kV distribution feeder.
E-WASTE MANAGEMENT IN NIGERIA: AN ETHICAL ANALYSIS OF CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY AND SUSTAINABLE PRACTICES
GIMBA HARUNA
Department of Electrical Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering Technology, Federal Polytechnic Bali, Taraba State
ABSTRACT
The rapid growth of electronic waste (e-waste) in Nigeria has raised significant environmental and ethical concerns, particularly regarding corporate responsibility in sustainable waste management. This study aims to examine the ethical obligations of corporations in e-waste disposal and assess the effectiveness of existing policies and corporate initiatives in managing e-waste sustainably. To achieve this, the study relies on a comprehensive review of literature from previous research, regulatory reports, and case studies on e-waste management in Nigeria. The findings reveal that weak regulatory enforcement, poor corporate compliance with extended producer responsibility (EPR), and reliance on informal recyclers contribute to environmental pollution and severe health risks. The study further highlights the influx of second-hand electronics, often imported under the pretext of bridging the digital divide, as a major contributor to Nigeria’s e-waste crisis. It was recommended that the Nigerian government strengthen regulatory enforcement, enforce corporate compliance with EPR policies, and invest in formal recycling infrastructure through public-private partnerships. Additionally, consumer awareness programs, incentive-based e-waste collection schemes, and stricter border controls against illegal e-waste imports were advised. The study’s findings and recommendations will benefit policymakers, regulatory agencies, corporate organizations, and environmental advocacy groups by providing insights into ethical corporate responsibility and effective waste management strategies. By implementing these recommendations, Nigeria can mitigate the adverse effects of e-waste, promote environmental sustainability, and enhance corporate accountability in the electronics industry.
Keywords: E-waste management, Corporate responsibility, Environmental sustainability, Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR), Ethical waste disposal
FABRICATION AND EVALUATION OF A CREEP TESTING MACHINE
OLOGUNYE1, OPEYEMI B., ABDULMUMUNI1, BASHIRU, AZEEZ1, NURUDEN A., ADEGBOYE1, TITUS A., ALI1, AKINYINKA, S
1Mechanical Engineering Department, Federal Polytechnic Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.
Abstract: Creep is the gradual distortion of materials under continuous tension or pressure. Creep testing is important for understanding the behavior of materials under long-term stress and can be used for materials characterization and design purposes. In this project, a creep testing equipment that can perform creep experiments at temperatures as high as 750°C will be constructed and evaluated. The materials used for fabrication are carefully selected based on their mechanical and thermal properties to withstand the high-temperature and high-stress environments. Two specimens (plastic and mild steel) were used to carry out the test to determine the deflection under the applied load of 2.65N, 3.83N, 7.85N, 8.63N, and 14.72Nrespectively. The result shows that, the deflection recorded for mild steel materials were 15.00, 33.00, 155.00, 200.00, and 270.00mm and that of plastic materials were 0.500, 10.00, 30.00, 89.00, and 185.00mm respectively. The machine has the ability to test a variety of materials, including metals, ceramics, and polymers, in accordance with American Society for Testing and Materials E-139-06.
Key-words: Creep, Deflection, Load, Stress, Deformation
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A PASSWORD ACCESS CONTROL SYSTEM USING AT89C52 MICROCONTROLLER AND 16×2 LCD SCREEN
NWANKWO V. I.; & NWOKOLO C. P.
Federal Polytechnic, Oko.
ABSTRACT
This paper presents the design and implementation of a password access control system using an AT89C52 microcontroller and a 16×2 LCD screen. The system provides a secure and efficient way to control access to physical and digital assets. The password input, verification, and access control algorithms are implemented using Keil μVision3 software and programmed into the AT89C52 microcontroller. The system’s performance and security are evaluated through extensive testing, and the results demonstrate its effectiveness and reliability. This paper contributes to the development of secure and efficient access control systems, and its findings have implications for future research and development in the field.
Keywords: access control system, password verification, AT89C52 microcontroller, 16×2 LCD screen, security, efficiency.
RECOVERY OF VALUE METALS FROM SPENT PRIMARY BATTERIES
JARUMI AKILA MANGEY*1, BUBA ALIYU ARDO1, EVARESTUS OSITA ASOGWA2
1Department of Agricultural and Bio-Environmental Engineering, Federal Polytechnic Bali, Taraba State Nigeria. 2Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Technology Minna, Niger State Nigeria.
Abstract
Spent primary batteries are known to contain metallic compounds that could be of value if recycled as well as harmful to man and the environment if not properly disposed. Also, the recovery of these value metals from the used batteries can reduce limited natural resource (ore) depletion. This research was carried out to investigate the recovery potential of Zinc and Manganese from spent zinc-carbon battery paste. Spent battery samples were collected around Samaru area of Sabon-gari LGA of Kaduna State. The samples were crushed, ground, sieved, washed and oven-dried. Chemical digestion (leaching) was done by studying some variable parameters: acid concentration, reducing agent concentration, temperature, stirring speed, solid-liquid ratio and time. Leached samples were then filtered and the filtrate taken for quantitative analysis of dissolved metals using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) analysis. Results show traces of heavy metals (lead, mercury and cadmium) and also significant amount of zinc and manganese in the solution. The optimum conditions for selective dissolution of zinc was found to be 2M nitric acid concentration, 10% hydrogen peroxide, 600C, 400rpm, 1:5 S/L and 1.5hrs, which yielded 4788.323mg/lit. For manganese, it was 1M nitric acid, 5% hydrogen peroxide, 600C, 400rpm, 1:5 S/L ratio and 1.5hrs giving a yield of 18042.67mg/lit while the optimum condition for simultaneous dissolution of zinc and manganese was found to be 1M nitric acid concentration, 5% hydrogen peroxide, 600C, 400rpm, 1:5 S/L ratio and 1.5hrs with a yield of 1225.648mg/lit zinc and 18042.67mg/lit manganese. The study therefore, showed that there is reasonable potential of zinc and manganese recovery from spent zinc-carbon battery.
A SECURED MODEL FOR DATA AND INFORMATION TRANSFER USING A COMBINATION OF CRYPTOGRAPHY (RSA AND TWOFISH) AND STEGANOGRAPHY (LSB)
MUSTAPHA KASSIM; WILLIAMS TEMITOPE BETTY; & NWABUEZE C. EMMANUEL
Department of Computer Science, Federal Polytechnic, Mubi
Abstract
Information security is one of the most challenging problems in today’s technological world, with increasing number of inventions and innovations in technology which have become an integral part for humans, the urges for same amount in field of security and privacy is felt. The techniques likes cryptography, watermarking, steganography have been able to provide some relief. The level of intruder on the network and standalone system in recent times is at alarming rate. Hackers have devised several means of intruding to both private and public network as technology appears to be advancing at a very fast rate. This menace necessitates adequate security of data and information share across network. The objective of this study is to develop an interactive model capable of securing data and information in a more effectively way. To achieve this main goal, a combination of cryptography algorithm together with steganography system is proposed. In cryptography, a hybridized RSA and Twofish Algorithm will be used to encrypt the plaintext into cipher text in other to provide a robust and strong means of securing data. In a further attempt to secure the data, Least Significant Bits (LSB) is proposed to embed or hide the data behind some cover media before it is being sent to the intended receiver. The resulting outputs of this research provide a model that can guarantee extra security level for data so as to withstand attackers.
Keywords: Twofish, Cryptography, Steganography, Watermark, Intruder, Encryption.
MATHEMATICS EDUCATION IN AFRICA: ETHICAL DIMENSIONS AND SKILLS DEVELOPMENT
ABUBAKAR ABDULLAHI MADAKI
School of Business and Management Technology, Department of General Studies, Mathematics Unit, Federal Polytechnic Bali, Taraba State, Nigeria
Abstract
Mathematics education in Africa is a critical driver for socio-economic development, yet it faces numerous challenges, including ethical considerations and the need for skills development, one of the primary challenges confronting African mathematics educators and students is the wholesale adoption of external methods, approaches, and ideas in the teaching and learning of mathematics. In response to this challenge, this paper explores the ethical dimensions of mathematics education in Africa, focusing on issues such as ethnomathematics, equity, access, and cultural relevance. It also examines the challengers of mathematics education in fostering critical thinking, problem-solving, and innovation skills necessary for the continent’s development. Drawing on some existing literature and case studies, the paper looks in to some Ethical Challenges in Mathematics Education that slowed the ethical dimensions and skills development in mathematics education in Africa, offering possible solution and recommendations for policymakers, educators, and stakeholders to promote equitable and effective mathematics education that aligns with Africa’s developmental goals.
Keywords: Mathematics education, ethical dimensions, skills development, equity, inclusivity, Africa, sustainable development, teacher training, curriculum reform.
ABSTRACT NO.2
EFFECTS OF BIODIVERSITY OF THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES ON RESIDENCE OF ZUGURMA SECTOR OF KAINJI LAKE NATIONAL PARK NIGERIA
AKANDE, SAMUEL DOYIN; PROF. B. Y. MOHAMMED
Department of Geography, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
The study aimed to evaluate the effect of biodiversity on socio-economic in Kainji Lake National Park, New Bussa, Niger State, Nigeria. The study used both primary and secondary data. The primary data were collected using questionnaire administered to the residents of four communities that are adjacent to the Zugurma sector of the park. In all, 110 households were selected for the study, and questionnaires were carefully administered and retrieved. The data were analyse using percentage and mean ranking based on the five (5) point likert statement of Strongly Disagree = 1, to Strongly Agree = 5. The result of socio-economic demographic characteristics of the respondents indicates that majority 77% of respondent are male. The age distribution shows that the majority 65% of the respondents were within the age range of 25 – 54 years. The monthly income distribution reveals that majority 41% of the respondents earns from ₦50,000 to ₦100,000. Vitellaria paradoxa (Kadanya) was the most identified and used flora species with 28% of the total respondents. The major fauna species that is being utilized among the mammals were Hippotragus equines (Roan Antelope), accounting for 25%. Among the reptiles are Naja Naja (Cobral), accounting for 56% of the respondent. The major fauna species being utilized among the birds are Numida neleagris (Guinean fowl) accounting for 37%. Among the fish species Clarias gariepinus (Catfish), were the most utilized accounting for 24%, of the respondents. The aspiration need of future generations was ranked the first among the socio-economic benefits of biodiversity identified with a total point of 500 with majority 80% strongly agreed with the statement. Purposes of conservation parks are for wildlife resources, research and education was ranked first among the perception and awareness about conservation of biodiversity with a total point of 513 and 87% of the respondents. The study also concludes that the local communities: Felegi, Shafini, Ibbi and Kizhi, have benefitted from the socio-economic provisions of Kainji Lake National Park. The communities generated income from employment, and empowerment programmes that come from park management policies. The study recommends the protection of the major target species that are often used such as the Vitellaria paradoxa (Kadanya), Hippotragus equines (Roan Antelope), Naja Naja (Cobral), Numida neleagris (Guinean fowl) and Clarias gariepinus (Catfish), which are in high demand by the community and hunters but still exist in Kainji Lake National Park habitat in low numbers.
Keywords: Kainji Lake National Park, Socio-economic Activities, Zugurma Sector and Biodiversity
ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL WASTAGES ON THE COST OF BUILDING PROJECTS IN GWAGWALADA AREA COUNCIL, FCT, NIGERIA
ABDULLAHI MAHMUD ABDULMALIK; & CHIMDI CHINEDU ADINDU
Department of Project Management Technology, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
Materials management in construction projects is an important function that significantly contributes to the success of a project. Poor management of materials on site during construction process would influence the total project cost, time and quality. Therefore, this paper assessed the impact of construction material wastages on the cost of building projects in Gwagwalada Area Council, FCT, Nigeria. Research design was descriptive survey research. Study Area was Gwagwalada Area Council, FCT, Nigeria. The research question was answered with simple percentage, mean and standard deviation while methods of data presentation are table and simple percentage. The following are the major findings of the study: The study revealed that over-ordering of materials ranked the highest with 71 respondents, design changes during the construction phase ranked second with 61 respondents and poor site layout and poor working conditions ranked the least with 15 respondents. This revealed that over-ordering of materials is the major primary cause of construction material wastages in the study area. Additionally, the Mean Score (MS) ranking of over-ordering of materials, design changes during the construction phase and poor design models are strongly considered important during valuation, while improper material handling and storage, improper cutting of materials, unskilled workers, inadequate tools, poor site layout and poor working conditions are significant. The study also revealed that reduces total profit ranked the highest with 80 respondents, cause economic instability in construction firms ranked second with 67 respondents, creates no value on project cost and failed to meet the anticipated quality ranked third with 65 respondents, waste construction time ranked fourth with 61 respondents, result to unwanted project ranked fifth with 56 respondents and results project overrun within the budgeted cost ranked the least with 41 respondents. This revealed that the major impact of construction material wastages on the cost of building projects was reduces total profit that the construction firm will enjoyed when building projects are completed. The study concluded that the most important advantages of managing and minimizing material wastage are minimizing time and cost overruns and helping in determining the required quantities, thus leading to improved project performance. The study recommends that shareholders are responsible on wastage management because wastage is not the only profit of contractors it also affects the environment and consumes the resource of the country inefficiently, so all stakeholders must headily participate for wastage management and control.
Keywords: Impact, Construction Material Wastages, and Cost of Building Projects
CORRUPTION AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF NIGERIAN STATES
ADEKUNLE ALAYE, PhD.
Ddepartment of Political Science, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria.
Abstract
Nigeria is endowed with abundance of both natural and human resources. With a population of over 200 million, she possesses vast mineral riches, copious amounts of gas and crude oil reserves, lush agricultural areas and an environment that is conducive to the proliferation of biodiversity. However, even since gaining independence in 1960, corruption has been a persistent problem in Nigeria. The military administration that controlled Nigeria for a number of years is said to have ruined the country’s economy. It is easy to understand the extent of Nigeria’s socioeconomic failure due to corruption, if you compare it to other large, populous, and ethnically diverse oil-rich nations. Examining the dishonest behaviors of political elites and leaders who have steered the nation by threatening the expansion and stability of the national economy is the main goal of this study. It is indisputable that corruption raises the rate of poverty and undermines society’s capacity to sustain both the present generation and future ones. The qualitative research methodology used in this study involved content analysis of secondary data gathered from government documents, newspapers, the internet, journals, and library materials.
Keywords: Corruption, Socioeconomic, Development, Poverty.
ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECT OF PROJECT PLANNING ON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT DELIVERY IN NIGERIA
OGUDU OMEIZA SUNDAY; & MUSA MOHAMMED
Department of Project Management Technology, School of Innovative and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
Construction projects in Nigeria often face challenges that hinder their successful delivery. One crucial factor that can impact project delivery is project planning. This study assesses the effect of project planning on construction project delivery in Nigeria. A survey of 100 construction professionals was conducted, and the data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and correlation analysis. The results show that project planning has a significant positive impact on project delivery. Specifically, cost planning, material planning, quality planning, and time planning were found to be crucial components of project planning that affect project delivery. The study reveals that effective project planning can help reduce project delays, cost overruns, and improve overall project quality. The findings of this study provide valuable insights for construction professionals and stakeholders in Nigeria, highlighting the importance of project planning in ensuring successful construction project delivery. The study recommends that construction professionals in Nigeria should prioritize project planning to ensure that projects are delivered on time, within budget, and to the required quality standards.
Key Words: Project Planning, Construction Project Delivery, Nigeria Project Management Construction Industry
THE APPLICATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND MACHINE LEARNING IN OPTIMIZING PROCESSES IN ALGAL TECHNOLOGY: FUTURE CHARACTERISTICS AND OPPORTUNITIES
ONIANWAH, I.F.1; CHUKUKA, I.V.1; ADEOLA, M.O.1; ONORIASAKPO-BARE, O.F.1; & UKOLOBI, O.2
1Department of Microbiology, Dennis Osadebay University, Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria. 2Department of Microbiology, Delta State University of Science and Technology, Ozoro, Delta State, Nigeria.
Abstract:
Many machine learning algorithms have been widely used in the detection and classification of microalgae, such as support vector machine, random forest, and neural network. Deep learning technology represented by convolutional neural network is most widely utilized due to its perfect recognition effect on small targets. The efficiency of sampling method can be achieved with the use of advanced Machine Learning framework in microalgae analysis. This helps to reduce the optimal number of experiments required to achieve pick conditions. Deep learning scheme has also been proposed for identifying microalgae species and growth cycles. Natural experiments with this model achieved 97% accuracy. It provides a good technical backing for monitoring the growth process of microalgae and analyzing their directional movements. Algae have huge potential for humans with limitless applications in almost every sector from power generation to food. Algae have a profitable global market with its versatile product range targeting various market segments with enormous demand for high value commodities such as cosmetics, energy, healthcare and food additive sectors. The use of artificial intelligence and machine learning helps to circumvent the labourous processes of staining, labeling and destruction of microalgae growth environment. Algae have great potential to solve the problem of the present energy crisis in the world. They serve as promising raw materials for cosmetics, pharmaceutics and the food industries. Despite these numerous benefits, many challenges persist for large-scale production of microalgae. These involve contamination and evaporation as is the case with open pond culture, slow algal growth rate as well as low biomass yield and huge cost of operation with respect to nutrients supply. Also, harvesting, dewatering, extraction and downstream processing cost are other areas of serious concerns. Algal strain development is undergoing transformation with advances in biotechnology especially in areas of genetic and molecular engineering. Rapid doubling time, high lipid content, water purification, high tolerance to toxic wastewater systems and so on, are notable characters for future research.
Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Microalgae Technology, Machine Learning, Challenges and Prospects
PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT OF PV SYSTEMS USING VSG WITH FUZZY LOGIC CONTROLLER
YUSUF MOHAMMED; & MOHAMED IDRISU
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technology, Federal Polytechnic, Bali, Taraba State, Nigeria.
ABSTARCT
The integration of photovoltaic (PV) systems into grid networks poses challenges such as maintaining stability, handling intermittent power generation, and ensuring seamless synchronization with the grid. As a solution for this problem, virtual inertia technique can be used as a system controller in order to improve the system performance and maintain its stability. In this study, an adaptive Virtual Synchronous Generator (VSG) based on the swing equation is established. Then, an adaptive VSG with a fuzzy logic controller is presented as an inverter controller. By mimicking the behavior of conventional synchronous generators, the fuzzy VSG utilizes fuzzy logic controllers to dynamically adjust system parameters like reactive power, frequency, and voltage, ensuring smooth operation under varying environmental conditions. Simulations conducted in MATLAB demonstrate the system’s ability to maintain grid synchronization and stability under dynamic load and power generation scenarios.
Keywords: Photovoltaic (PV), Virtual Synchronous Generator (VSG), Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC), Swing Equation, Grid Synchronization, Renewable Energy Sources (RES).
ASSESSMENT OF GROUNDWATER POTENTIAL USING REMOTE SENSING AND GIS: A STUDY OF LAMURDE BASIN, TARABA NIGERIA
JARUMI AKILA MANGEY1; ADEOLU RICHARD ADESIJI2; EVARESTUS OSITA ASOGWA2; & BUBA ALIYU ARDO1
1Department of Agricultural and Bio-Environmental Engineering, Federal Polytechnic Bali, Taraba State Nigeria. 2Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Technology Minna, Niger State Nigeria.
Abstract
The main source of water for urban, industrial and agricultural water supply in settlements under Lamurde Basin, Taraba, is groundwater. Conventional approaches for water resources investigation and development can be time consuming, costly, uneconomical and sometime poorly implemented. Groundwater potential of Lamurde Basin was investigated using remote sensing and GIS approach. Acquired LandSat OLI/TIRS image, SRTM DEM and soil map of Nigeria were used. The LandSat image was used to classify different LULC of the study area after applying some image processing techniques (compositing, windowing, stretching, etc.). Study area boundary, drainage, slope elevation and lineaments were generated from the DEM data and soil distribution from the soil map. Six factors (slope, elevation, lineament density, drainage density, LULC and soil) that influence groundwater occurrence were created as thematic layers in ArcGIS 10.3 environment. Class weights were assigned to each feature layer based on influence to groundwater recharge using Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) and finally weighted layers integrated to evaluate the hydrogeomorphological characteristics of the area using overlay analysis in ArcGIS environment. Groundwater Potential Model (GWPM) of the study area was generated which shows spatial distribution of groundwater potential zones. These zones were classified into four: High, Moderate, Low and Poor potential zones covering 6.52%, 60.48%, 17.65% and 15.35% of the study area respectively. It was also observed that slope, lineament density and drainage density strongly influence groundwater availability in the area than the other factors considered. This study therefore, demonstrated the effectiveness of remote sensing and GIS in groundwater potential study and recommends in-depth study by considering more factors and subsequent validation.
Keywords: GWPM, Remote Sensing, GIS, MCDA, AHP
MONETARY POLICY INSTRUMENTS: IMPACT ON THE PROFITABILITY OF LISTED NIGERIA DEPOSIT MONEY BANKS
MOHAMMED YUSUF; MOHAMMED IBRAHIM MOHAMMED; UMAR MODU BUKAR; AND ALI MUSTAPHA LOSKURIMA
Department of Accountancy, Federal Polytechnic Monguno, Borno State – Nigeria
Abstract
This study examined the impact of monetary policy instruments on the profitability listed Nigeria deposit money banks. Data for the study were gathered through Annual Reports and Accounts of the deposit money banks and Statistical Bulletin of the Central Bank of Nigeria for the period of 2015-2024. Data was analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Multiple regression analysis was employed to test the hypothesis using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS). Findings of the study showed that monetary policy rate (MPR), cash reserve rate (CRR), liquidity ratio (LR) and exchange rate (EXR) have statistically significant impact on the profitability proxy by return on capital employed of listed Nigeria deposit money. The research therefore recommends the need by the C.B.N. to ensure that adequate monetary policy instruments be put in place to improve the significance in terms of safeguarding the impetus of monetary policy in the Nigerian economy. The study also recommends the need for managers of these banks to fully adhere to the policy by organising more training and workshops to staff on the importance of preserving and adhering to the monetary policy for the effective and efficient operationalisation of the deposit money banks in the short-run and a better health: on banking industry in the long-run. Considering the dependence of using foreign currency in making transactions and the import driven economy has seriously affected the Nigerian economy. Although, recently naira continues to appreciates against the US Dollars.
Keywords: Monetary Policy Instruments, Monetary policy Rate, Cash Reserve Ratio, Liquidity ratio, Exchange Rate, Profitability, CBN, DMBs.
ROLE OF INSECURITY IN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: A THEORETICAL EXAMINATION OF NIGERIA NORTH EAST REGION
KATE CHIMA OBIANUJU; & ECHE NWACHUKWU AUSTINE
Department of Economics, Air Force Institute of Technology Kaduna, Nigeria
Abstract
This study aims to critically assess the effectiveness and limitations of security interventions implemented in Nigeria’s North East Region, with a focus on understanding their impact on regional stability and community resilience. The North East Region of Nigeria has been grappling with severe insecurity due to the ongoing insurgency by extremist groups, leading to significant humanitarian crises and destabilization. In response, various security interventions have been launched by national and international actors to restore peace and security. However, the effectiveness of these interventions and their unintended consequences have not been thoroughly examined. Theoretical insights were drawn from existing literature on conflict resolution, security studies, and development interventions. The study utilizes a comparative analysis framework to evaluate different security interventions, their operational strategies, and their outcomes. The research reveals that while security interventions have led to some improvement in stability and reduced insurgent activities, they have also faced several limitations. The study concludes that while security interventions in Nigeria’s North East Region have made strides in improving security conditions, their effectiveness is tempered by operational challenges and unintended negative consequences. To enhance the impact of future interventions, a more integrated approach that addresses both security and developmental needs, alongside greater community engagement and oversight, is recommended.
Keywords: Security interventions, Nigeria, North East Region, effectiveness, limitations, community resilience, conflict resolution.
MINIMIZING TECHNICAL AND NON-TECHNICAL LOSSES IN NIGERIA POWER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
NWANKWO V. I.; & NWOKOLO C. P.
Federal Polytechnic, Oko
ABSTRACT
The Nigerian power distribution system is plagued by significant technical and non-technical losses, resulting in substantial economic and environmental costs. This study investigates the causes and effects of these losses, with a focus on the Nigerian context. A comprehensive review of existing literature reveals gaps in current research, particularly regarding the quantification and categorization of losses. This study proposes a novel framework for minimizing technical and non-technical losses, incorporating technical, economic, and regulatory measures. The findings of this research highlight the need for a multi-faceted approach to addressing losses in the Nigerian power distribution system, with potential applications for other developing countries. This study contributes to the existing body of knowledge on power distribution systems, providing valuable insights for policymakers, regulators, and industry stakeholders.
Keywords: power distribution system, technical losses, non-technical losses and economic cost
THE USE OF MODERN TECHNIQUES IN DETECTION OF AGRICULTURAL LAND USE CHANGES IN RANO LOCAL GOVERNMENT, KANO STATE
ABUBAKAR AMINU USMAN1 ISTIFANUS JOHN DANUNG2, DAVID ATEGBE1, AND IBRAHIM BELLO UTHMAN3
1Department of Cartography and GIS, CES, Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna. 2Department of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, CES, Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna. 3Department of Environmental Science, CES, Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna
Abstract
This study investigates the changes in Land Use Land Cover in Rano Ward, Kano State, over a two-decade period from 2003 to 2023, with a particular focus on agricultural land use changes. Utilizing Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques alongside a comparative analysis of land cover data from three distinct years, the findings reveal significant shifts in land distribution. Agricultural land has decreased from 1,040.94 km² in 2003 to 806.31 km² in 2023, reflecting a decline of approximately 22.5%. Concurrently, urban areas have expanded dramatically, increasing from 85.41 km² to 227.70 km², indicating rapid urbanization. The area classified as bareland has risen sharply from 4.68 km² to 96.66 km², suggesting potential land degradation and abandonment. These changes underscore the challenges of balancing urban development with agricultural sustainability and environmental conservation. The results highlight the need for strategic land management policies to address the implications of urban expansion on agricultural viability and to promote sustainable practices in Rano Ward. By employing modern GIS techniques, this study provides a robust framework for monitoring land use changes and supports informed decision-making for future land management initiatives.
Keywords: Agricultural Land, Land Use Change, Geographic Information System (GIS), Urbanization, Remote Sensing
VITAMINS, PHYTOCHEMICAL, PROFILING OF PERSEA AMERICANA LEAVES AND INFRA –RED SPECTROSCOPY ANALYSIS
1ADEBAYO, O. R.; 2AFOLABI, F.; 1ADEDOKUN, A. A.; 3AROGUNDADE, L. A.; 4ODUSINA, A. O.; 4OLADIPUPO, O. A.; 4ABEJOYE, O. A.; 3ONAOLAPO, I. O.; 1FALADE, A. R.; & 5JOSHUA, O.D
1Department of Applied Sciences, Osun State Polytechnic, Iree. 2Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Federal University Of Health Sciences, Ila- Orangun, Osun-State. 3Department of Food Science and Technology, Osun State Polytechnic, Iree. 4Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Osun State Polytechnic, Iree. 5Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo- State.
ABSTRACT
Persea americana leaves belong to one of the common medicinal plant which are generally used to cure certain ailment in some part of the world. In this study, various chemical parameters were carried out such as vitamins in (mg/100g): vitamin A (0.40± 0.01), C (19.01± 2.06) and vitamin E (3.72±0.40). The phytochemical analysis showed the presence of flavonoid (20.30±1. 50mg/gl), total phenol (126.40±2.80mg/gl), tannins (9.38± 0.40mg/gI), total proanthocyanin (10.15± 1.00mg/gl), quecetin (17.01± 0.60mg/gl), alkaloids (0.90 ±0.04%), saponins (0.60 ±0.05%), steroids (0.10±0.00%).The mineral analysis results show the presence of some macro and micro elements such as calcium (149.15+0.70), phosphorus (187.40+0.35), potassium (361.30+0.40), sodium (195.01+0.90), magnesium (116.62+0.56) and iron (13.08+0.02), zinc (1.58+0.07), manganese (0.25+0.04) and copper (0.39+0.01) respectively. The proximate analysis revealed (%) of Persea americana leaves in moisture (14.35+0.26),ash (4.80+0.04), crude fibre (8.21+0.90), fat content (6.90+0.50), protein content (5.72+0.22) and carbohydrates content (60.03+1.40) while the IR spectra of the Persea americana leaves was not left out. Thus, the results confirm that the leaves have potential antioxidant which makes it useful in folk medicine.
PROBLEMS OF CONVERGENCE IN STOCHASTIC LINEAR PROGRAMMING
IBRAHIM ABUBAKAR ADAMU1; AMBI POLYCARP NAGWAI2; & GEETA ARORA3
1Abubakar Tatari Ali Polytechnic. School of Science and Technology, Department of Statistics, Bauchi, State Nigeria. 2Taraba State University. Faculty of Science. Department of Mathematical Sciences. 3Lovely Professional University Department Mathematics School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Science.
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this paper is to give an example of the use of set valued functions to study the convergence of the solution of a sequence of optimization problems to the solution set of the limit problem.
Key Words: Valued Functions, Convergence, Sequence of Optimization, Convex Compact, Probability Space, Linear Programming, Continuous Function.
ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF THE CONTRIBUTORY PENSION SCHEME ON BAUCHI STATE GOVERNMENT
*YAKUBU ADAMU PhD; & **ALHAJI KAWUGANA PhD
*Ministry of Finance Bauchi, Bauchi state. **Federal Polytechnic Bauchi, OPP Gwallameji Dass Road Bauchi, Bauchi State
Abstract
The Contributory Pension Scheme (CPS) was introduced in Nigeria as part of efforts to enhance the retirement benefits of public sector employees while reducing the financial burden on the government. This study evaluates the impact of the Contributory Pension Scheme (CPS) on the Bauchi State Government. It explores how the scheme has affected public sector employees’ retirement benefits, the financial sustainability of the state, and the overall governance of pension management. The research highlights the successes, challenges, and opportunities related to the implementation of the CPS in Bauchi State, with recommendations for enhancing its effectiveness. Findings suggest that while the scheme has improved pension management and contributed to better financial planning for employees, issues like delayed remittance, inadequate infrastructure, and poor public awareness need to be addressed to ensure the success of the CPS.
Keywords: Contributory Pension Scheme, Bauchi State Government, Public Sector Employees, Pension Management, Financial Sustainability, Retirement Benefits
EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON SOLAR ELECTRIC OUTPUT
1ABUBAKAR B MUHAMMAD; & 2MOHAMMED HAMIDU
1Department of Civil Engineering Technology, Federal Polytechnic, Bali, Taraba State. 2Information Communications Technology Unit, Federal Polytechnic, Bali, Taraba State
Abstract
This study reviews existing literature on the effects of environmental factors on solar electric output at Bali town of Taraba State, Nigeria where residents rely entirely on solar energy, gasoline power generators, and other alternative power sources due to the absence of grid electricity. It analyzes how environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity, dust accumulation, and solar radiation impact photovoltaic (PV) system efficiency. By systematically evaluating past research, the study highlights key challenges which includes efficiency losses due to high temperatures, performance degradation from dust accumulation, and seasonal variations in solar radiation. Findings suggest that regular panel maintenance, optimal system design, and weather-adaptive energy management strategies are essential for improving solar power reliability. Based on the reviewed studies, the research provides recommendations to enhance solar energy performance in off-grid communities by contributing to sustainable energy solutions in regions heavily dependent on photovoltaic and alternative power systems.
AN ASSESSMENT OF THE DIFFERENT FUNCTIONS PERFORMED BY NORTH EAST DEVELOPMENT COMMISSION IN INFRASTRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN BAUCHI METROPOLIS
1IGOCHE FREDERICK OMACHOKO; 1DR. HAFSATU JIDERE BALA; 1ADAMU MUHAMMAD LIMAN; 1SANI GAMBO SANI; & 2JOSEPH JERRY MAMMAN
1Department of Estate Management & Valuation, Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi. 2Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi.
ABSTRACT
This paper examines the different Functions Performed by the North East Development Commission in Infrastructural Development in Bauchi Metropolis with the aim of assessing the different Functions Performed by the North East Development Commission in Infrastructural Development in Bauchi Metropolis. Infrastructure development is a critical component of socio-economic progress and regional integration in any society. The North East region, comprising Adamawa, Bauchi, Borno, Gombe, Taraba, and Yobe states, has been disproportionately affected by insurgency, particularly by the activities of Boko Haram. This has resulted in widespread destruction of infrastructure, displacement of populations, and disruption of socio-economic activities Quantitative research approach and descriptive statistics were used to analyzed the comprehensive data collected from 73 beneficiaries within Bauchi Metropolis.
Keywords: Assessment, North East Development Commission, Infrastructure, Development.
ABSTRACT NO.3
ASSESSMENT OF FLOOD OCCURENCES IN THE NORTH-CENTRAL ZONE OF NIGERIA
MUSTAPHA ALIYU OZOVEHE; & MAKINDE JOSEPH KOLAWOLE
Department of Project Management, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State
ABSTRACT
This paper assessed the flood occurrences in the North- Central zone of Nigeria notably Benue, Kogi and Niger States. The ravaging effects of flooding in some Nigerian states cannot be over emphasise. The scenario in urban areas in particular suffer from a comparatively high flood risk due to high population number and density, multiple economic activities and many infrastructure and property values, which in turn interferes with the natural infiltration processes. Primary and Secondary data were collected from the stakeholders especially the inhabitants of these flood prone areas which were subjected to inferential analyses and the relationship between the variables tested were determined. It is concluded that flood management and sustainability have a vital role on livelihood patterns.
Keywords: Infrastructure, Inhabitant, Infiltration, Ravaging, Stakeholders
HUFFMAN ENCODING FOR MODIFIED RSA-AES ENCRYPTED TOKEN COMPRESSION IN SECURE BANKING TRANSACTIONS
HAMIDU M.; SARJIYUS O.; & MANGA I.
Department of Computer Science, Adamawa State University, Mubi. Adamawa State, Nigeria
Abstract
This research Huffman encoding for modified RSA-AES encrypted token compression in secure banking transactions aims to improve the security strength of customer banking credentials in transit and at rest by modifying the RSA token generation stage of encryption. These tokens are not original banking credentials but 32-bit decryption keys of AES. This modification will be made possible by using SHA-256 token generation for its historic strength and resistant to brute-force attack. This approach may hinder a serious computational overheat and time-space complexity. However, we propose the use of Huffman encoding with its quicker data compression to overcome the data size intricacy.
Keyword: SHA-256, avalanche effect, Huffmann Encoding, Entropy, overheat
EXPLORING THE POTENTIAL OF AQUACULTURE IN CONTRIBUTING TO FOOD SECURITY AND BLUE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT IN THE NIGER DELTA
CHUKWURAH, AUGUSTINE IKECHUKWU¹; OLANNYE. DONALD UZOWULU¹; ODESA, ERHIGA GABRIEL2; OGHENE, JAMES UZOMA¹; IRABOR, ARNOLD EBUKA3; KESENA, URUH¹ AND ODIA, MAMUYOVWI¹
1Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, Faculty of Science, Dennis Osadebay University, Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria. 2Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Dennis Osadebay University, Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria. 3Department of Fishery, Faculty of Agricultural Science, Dennis Osadebay University, Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
The Niger Delta, a region rich in biodiversity and marine resources, faces significant challenges in achieving food security due to environmental degradation, overexploitation of resources, and unsustainable economic practices. This paper explores the potential of fostering a sustainable blue economy as a pathway to enhance food security in the Niger Delta. By integrating principles of sustainability, conservation, and equitable resource management, the blue economy framework offers a holistic approach to harnessing the region’s aquatic resources while preserving ecological balance. A mixed-methods approach is employed, combining a review of existing literature with stakeholder interviews and field observations.
The study highlights the importance of promoting sustainable fishing practices, aquaculture development, and marine ecosystem restoration to ensure long-term food availability and economic resilience. Additionally, it emphasizes the need for policy reforms, community engagement, and cross-sector collaboration to address the root causes of resource depletion and environmental degradation. This study contributes to the growing body of literature on the Blue Economy and its potential to address food security challenges in Niger Delta. The findings have important implications for policymakers, practitioners, and researchers seeking to promote sustainable and equitable food systems in the Niger Delta.
Keywords: Blue Economy, Niger Delta, Food Security, Sustainability, Aquaculture, Marine ecosystem.
ASSESSING THE TRANSFORMATIONAL IMPACT OF DIGITAL COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES ON TEACHING AND LEARNING IN NIGERIAN SECONDARY SCHOOLS: POST-COVID-19 CHALLENGES AND PROGRESS
*CHARLES M. EKEH, PHD; *TOLULOPE O. MOLOMO, PHD; & **ELINA H. ELON
*Adeleke University, Ede, Nigeria. **Adamawa State Polytechnic, Yola, Nigeria
Abstract
This study investigated extent to which educators and students incorporate digital communication technologies and examined its impact on teaching practices and learning outcomes after covid-19 lockdown. Twenty-one (21) public secondary schools in Lagos state participated in the study. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with teachers, administrators, and students. Accurate and reliable transcriptions approaches were upheld, while thematic analysis was employed. Findings revealed a very low integration of digital communication technologies among public secondary schools post-covid-19. In all, 86% of schools visited had computer laboratories with about 15-30 desktop computers, while 14% had between 30 and 50 computers, though without internet access. School administrators had desktop computers in their offices, 48% of teachers had personal laptops, while only 19% of students said they have a personal laptop that connects to the internet at home. All respondents use smartphones, although students are not officially allowed to use them in school. Printers were only available in offices of school administrators; no classroom in any school had interactive boards, projectors/projector screens, or any other form of digital communication devices. It was concluded that teaching and learning in most public secondary schools continued in the manner they were carried out pre-covid-19, with digital communication technology having little impact despite the experience during lockdown. Efforts by government and stakeholders in the education sector has to be directed towards integrating contemporary teaching and learning methods driven by technology to bring students up-to date with emerging trends.
Keywords: digital communication technologies, teaching and learning, post-covid-19, educational technology adoption, student engagement, technology integration.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF NEIGHBOURHOOD FACILITY AND INFRASTRUCTURES DISTRUBTION IN MINNA, NIGER STATE, NIGERIA
SHUAIBU M. P.; & OHADUGBA C.B
Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Federal University of Technology Minna
ABSTRACT
This study examines comparative analysis of neighbourhood facilities and infrastructure distribution across six neighborhoods in Minna, Niger State, Nigeria. Utilizing a comprehensive questionnaire distributed to 378 households, four research objectives and four research questions was used to guide the study. The analysis reveals significant demographic diversity among respondents, highlighting variations in gender, age, marital status, educational attainment, occupation, and duration of residence. While male respondents dominate in several neighborhoods, gender imbalances influence community engagement and the perception of essential services. Noteworthy disparities in educational levels and occupation types are evident, with civil service employment being prevalent. Additionally, the availability of key infrastructures and facilties such as water supply, healthcare, educational facilities, electricity, and road networks varies considerably among neighborhoods. For instance, Kpakungu showcases robust provision across most services, particularly water supply and healthcare, while areas like GRA and F Layout demonstrate considerable deficiencies, particularly in educational access. Factors contributing to these disparities include political influences, and the availability of amenities, with political factors widely acknowledged as the primary determinants. The study’s findings indicate widespread dissatisfaction with the existing infrastructure conditions, particularly in Tunga Lowcost, where 85.71% of respondents express dissatisfaction. Overall, the results highlight the pressing need for targeted governmental interventions to enhance neighborhood infrastructure and facility provision, addressing the unique needs of each community to promote equity and sustainability. This research advocates for community-driven solutions and strategic urban planning initiatives to ameliorate infrastructural deficits and foster inclusive urban development in Minna, ultimately improving residents’ quality of life and economic opportunities.
Keywords: Neighbourhood, Infrastructure and Facilities, Distribution
INFLUENCE OF SELFITIS BEHAVIOUR ON SELF ESTEEM AMONG SELECTED SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN KONTAGORA, NIGER STATE, NIGERIA
AISHATU GARBA
College of Nursing Sciences, School of Midwifery Kontagora
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of selfitis behaviour on self esteem among secondary school students. One hundred (100) young female and male adolescents, with age ranging from 16-25 years old students from government Science Secondary School and Government Girls’ College Kontagora were surveyed to find out whether selfie has a significant relationship on self-esteem. Result shows that adolescents at this age range tend to post selfies once (1) a month and took selfies 2-3 times a week. Moreover, it showed that there is a strong significant relationship on selfie behavior and self-esteem of respondents. The researchers therefore conclude that students from both schools tend to have affected by selftis behavior.
Keywords: Selfie, Selfie behavior, and Self-Esteem
IMPERATIVES OF FOREIGN POLICY AND ECONOMIC DIPLOMACY: UNDERSCORING NIGERIA’S STRATEGIC INTEREST IN BRICS UNION
ADIGWE AUSTEEN NDUBUISI (PhD)
Department of International Relations. Air Force Institute of Technology AFIT, Kaduna.
Abstract
The critical element among global constellation of states is the concept of foreign policy. Its relevance has been entrenched since the emergence of the contemporary state system. The pre-eminent place of foreign policy is what gives focus to states in a confusing labyrinth of cross-national needs, and offers a clear direction to state entities in making most of opportunities geared towards the profitable utilization of human and natural resources under a global system of exchange of values that connects states in a form of interdependent relationships. The core to this system of interdependence is economic diplomacy which bears a disposition towards the management of monetary transactions among states. The dynamic posture of this variable to national survival demands a flexible standpoint in responding to the ever-changing realities in the international system. Utilizing the tool of descriptive methodology, this study applied itself to the realist theory to underscore the need for Nigeria to review her position under the present framework of global monetary exchange pivoted by the American dollar regime with its sundry limitations and negative implications on Nigeria’s economy. This study dedicated itself to exploring the concept of foreign policy under the purview of economic diplomacy, with the stress on the imperatives for Nigeria’s re-alignment, so as to maximize the inherent benefits inherent in the BRICS union of states to advancing her national interest. It ends with a concluding remark that restates the need for Nigeria to review her economic diplomatic framework under a more responsive foreign policy initiative that gives her the chance of national survival in the light of present global realities.
Keywords: Imperatives, Foreign policy, Economic Diplomacy, National Interest, BRICS Union.
EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF TAX AUDIT ON TAX REVENUE GENERATION IN BORNO STATE BOARD OF INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE
MOHAMMED YUSUF; UMAR MODU BUKAR; BUBA SANI; & MOHAMMED IBRAHIM MOHAMMED
Department of Accountancy, Federal Polytechnic, Monguno, Borno State Nigeria
Abstract
This study examined the empirical analysis of tax audit on tax revenue generation in Borno state board of internal revenue service. The study has a population of ninety-five (95) respondents out of which forty (40) respondents were selected purposively. Data for the study was gathered through structured questionnaires administered on the staff of internal revenue service, Borno state. The data collected was analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Linear regression analysis was employed to test the hypotheses using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS). The findings of the study revealed that desk audit and field audit have statistically significant positive effect on tax revenue generation in Borno state. The study recommends that the board should ensure an enforcement of penalties to those tax payers who were found with anomaly in their records. This will create real threat and actual carrying out of audit, inspection, inquiry, penalty and punishment for an errant taxpayer. The current tax procedure should be amended to provide for establishment of a professional and independent tax tribunal that could hear matters of fact and law in relation to the assessment under appeal. An awareness campaign should be set up by the revenue authority such that the tax payers be informed of the dangers and penalty associated with not paying their tax at the due dates.
EFFECT OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AND THE PERFORMANCE OF SMES IN MAIDUGURI METROPOLIS. BORNO STATE
ALHAJI MODU MAINA; ALHAJI UMAR MODU; ADAM MOHAMMED SALEH; & MOHAMMED ABDULRAZAK JIBRIN
Department of Business Administration Federal polytechnic Monguno Borno State, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
Small and medium enterprises are globally recognized as engines of economic growth and development. Government in developing countries have more enormous efforts and enacted laws to improve the capability and viability of SMEs However, despite government institutional and policy support, there is a great deal of anxiety and uncertainty over the ability of SMEs to promote economic growth and development. Therefore, this study assess the effect of strategic management on performance of SMEs. The finding of the study revealed that there is a significant effect between strategy formulation and performance of SMEs. This implies that strategy formulation matched with appropriate structure to increase productivity of SMEs. Whenever there is change in strategy it bring about structural changes to match the strategy with capability, but behavior and system resistance of employees seen to render the strategy effectiveness. The finding of the study revealed that strategy implementation has a significant effect on SMEs performance. This boost customer confidence to help enterprise from its competitors by providing high quality product, create value and engage both customer and employees help to create fovorable brand image for enterprise and increase revenue. The finding also revealed that strategy evaluation has significant effect performance of SMEs. It is believe that improvement in strategy is likely improve SMEs performance. This implies that strategy evaluation help SMEs to determine their strategy direction because it ensures that their goals are being met, stream lines processes met those goals identifies and correct strategic direction and set shared methods and goals. The study concludes that SMEs with a clear and consistent strategy will outperform those without formal and comprehensive strategy. The study recommendes that management should have strategies that are completely consistent with the enterprise overall strategic direction for enhancing performance, management should take more responsibity to reduce uncertainties for SMEs through strategy formulation in order to gain their customers through production line.
Key Words: Strategic Management, SMEs Performance, Strategy Formulation, Strategy Implementation and Strategy Evaluation
ASSESSING THE EFFECT OF ENTREPRENEURIAL ECOSYSTEM (EE) ON SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES’ PERFORMANCE IN DELTA STATE, NIGERIA
*NANA, U. JOSEPH (PhD); & **OMODAFE, U. PHILOMENA (PhD)
*Department of Accountancy, Delta State Polytechnic, Otefe-Oghara, Delta State. **Department of Marketing, Delta State Polytechnic, Ogwashi-uku, Delta State
Abstract
The study investigated the effect of the entrepreneurial ecosystem (EE) on performance of small and medium-sized enterprises in Delta State. The selected research design for this study is the cross-sectional survey research design. Small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) owners in Delta State, Nigeria made up the study’s population. The Cochran formula was used to determine the sample size of 384 participants. The study employed the judgmental sampling technique. The primary source provided the data for this study through the use of a structured questionnaire with a five-point Likert scale response format. The study employed internal consistency reliability as a means of assessing the efficacy of the questionnaire items. The acquired data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods to arrive at a result. Findings showed that policy (β = 0.421, p < 0.05), finance (β = 0.108, p < 0.05), increased human capital (β = 0.102, p < 0.05), markets (β = 0.350, p < 0.05) and support (β = 0.154, p < 0.05) positively affects SMEs performance, while culture negatively affects SMEs performance (β = 0.069, p > 0.05). The study concluded that the combined effect of entrepreneurial ecosystem pillars creates a supportive environment that can significantly enhance the performance and sustainability of SMEs. The study recommended that the Delta State Government should promote a culture that values risk-taking, creativity and resilience through educational programs and public campaigns.
Keyword: Entrepreneurial Ecosystem, Policy, SMEs Performance, Economic development.
THE JUDICIARY: ANTIDOTE TO THE SUSTENANCE OF NASCENT DEMOCRACY IN NIGERIA
ALIGBE, BENDRIX ABDULLAH Ph.D
Department of Public Administration Auchi Polytechnic Auchi Edo State
ABSTRACT
Democracy is a system of government under which the people exercise their governing power either directly or through representatives. These representatives are periodically elected by the people. In Nigeria, the judiciary plays an important role as enshrined in the constitution. The role of the judiciary cannot be over emphasized as it is a stabilizer in the political system and has the extra duty of the protection of the constitution. This paper Xray the roles of the judiciary in the resolution of intra-party disputes, death of a candidate before announcement of results, removal of the vice president by the president, resolution of disputes bordering on resource control and issues concerning the Governor and house of assembly in the case of Rivers state. Despite the key role played by the judiciary in upholding a democratic society, there are however major impediments hindering the sustainability of democracy in Nigeria ranging from corruption, with independence of the judiciary, appointment of judicial officers, funding etc. This paper center‟s on the roles of the judiciary in sustaining democracy in Nigeria and major challenges confronting them. The paper concludes that the judiciary has done wonderfully to sustain the country democracy in Nigeria despite some of its major challenges. The paper, however made some recommendations which are not limited to the appointment of judicial officers should be left in the hands of national judicial council.
Key Words: Antidote, Nascent democracy, Judiciary, Constitution, Nigeria.
A – REVIEW OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND AFRICAN NATIONS: NAVIGATING RAPID DEVELOPMENT DECISION MAKING THROUGH MATHEMATICAL MODELING.
ABUBAKAR ABDULLAHI MADAKI
School of Business and Management Technology, Department of General Studies, Mathematics Unit, Federal Polytechnic Bali, Taraba State, Nigeria
Abstract
The Earth’s climate has always changed, but because of human activities it is now changing faster than it has for thousands of years. These changes pose a significant threat to food security and agriculture, to disease transmission, to political and economic stability, and to human, plant, and animal ecosystems, along with a host of additional consequences. Climate change is a global phenomenon; as such, all people are vulnerable to its impacts, and, yet, one major nation in particular, Africa, disproportionately bears the impact of shifting weather patterns. Climate change poses significant challenges to African nations, particularly as they strive for rapid development amidst environmental uncertainties. This paper reviews the role of mathematical modelling in guiding decision-making processes to balance economic growth with sustainable environmental practices. By integrating climate projections, socio-economic data, and policy frameworks, mathematical models offer a robust tool for African nations to navigate the complexities of development in the face of climate change. Case studies from Kenya, Nigeria, and South Africa illustrate the practical application of these models, highlighting their potential to inform policy and foster resilience. The paper concludes with recommendations for enhancing the use of mathematical modelling in development planning on climate change that can increase the opportunity space for Africa to invest in renewable energy technologies, turn agriculture into a booming industry, and build human and institutional capacities towards a knowledge economy that supports innovation, health, research, and development.
Keywords: Climate Change, African Nations, Mathematical Modelling, Sustainable Development, Decision-Making
RESIDENCE ATTITUDES TO SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN AUCHI, EDO STATE, NIGERIA
MUNIRAT MONISOLA BEJIDE; LUCKY EBOREIME; & IMIEWAN ROLAND ERAYANMEN
Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Auchi Polytechnic, Auchi. Edo State
Abstract
The study examined residence attitude to solid waste management in Auchi, Edo State Nigeria. Appropriate solid waste management has been the concern of all well meaning citizens of a country, this was because of the dangers posed by indiscriminate solid waste management in Nigeria. Both primary and secondary sources of data were used to gather information for the study. The study adopted the theory of Yaro Yamane to determine the sample size for the study, out of the entire population of 112,917 persons. The calculation was done at 10% ( 0.10) given the sample size to be 99.9 approximately 100, while 99 questionnaires was found suitable for analysis. Stratified sampling techniques was adopted in administering questionnaires , since the study area was already in strata, while simple random sampling techniques was employed in administering questionnaires on each strata. The study investigate the attitudes of residency of the study area towards solid waste management, the paper revealed that the attitudes of the residency was very poor towards solid waste management, as the majority of the respondents admit they normally dumps their waste in any available open spaces within the community, also, despite the fact they are aware of the few private waste collector agencies, they refused to engaged them , due to their lack of knowledge about health effect of a dirty environment. The effects of poor waste management among others as revealed by the study are ;it can pose dangers to human health, air and water pollution, blockage of drainage system, bad eye sore, and so n. Based on the findings of the study, the following are the suggested recommendations ; Public enlightenment, as majority of the residency are ignorance, sensitization , involvements of more private waste managers, implementation of environmental protection law, sanction of any body found wanting.
Keywords: Residents, Attitudes, Waste, Solid waste, Management.
DEVELOPMENT OF A HYBRID MULTISTAGE GRADIENT DESCENT OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUES FOR ENHANCING PERFORMANCE OF DEEP NEURAL NETWORK IN HIGH-DIMENSIONAL APPLICATIONS
USMAN ALI1; FATIMA ALIYU SHUGABA 2; & MUHAMMAD HABIBULLAH ABDULFATTAH3
Department of Computer Engineering, Ramat Polytechnic, Maiduguri, Borno state of Nigeria1. Department of Computer Engineering, University of Maiduguri, Borno state of Nigeria2,3
ABSTRACT
In high-dimensional applications like natural language processing (NLP) and image identification, training deep neural networks (DNNs) presents several challenges such as convergence, poor generalization, and computational instability. Despite their widespread use, traditional gradient descent (GD) optimization techniques frequently fail to adequately handle these problems throughout training. While optimizers like SGD with Momentum perform well in later training stages but have slow early convergence, advanced optimizers like Adam and RMSprop increase convergence but may result in inferior generalization. The current work presents a unique framework for hybrid multistage gradient descent optimization, which attempts to adapt optimization methods at different stages of training. This approach tries to reduce computing costs while improving convergence speed, model accuracy, and generalization by utilizing the strengths of numerous optimizers, including Adam, SGD with Momentum, and RMSprop. Adaptive learning rate scheduling and real-time optimizer switching based on training dynamics will be integrated into the framework. A series of extensive experiments will be conducted on high-dimensional image recognition (like CIFAR-10 and ImageNet) and NLP (like IMDB and BERT fine-tuning) datasets to validate the framework’s performance across different deep-learning architectures. This work will address the difficulties of training DNNs in intricate, high-dimensional environments and provide a valuable theoretical and practical contribution to optimization strategy development.
CONTENT CREATION AS ALTERNATIVE LITERATURE: ETHICAL DILEMMAS AND SOLUTIONS
NGOZI A. ANYANWU, PHD; & VIVIAN NWOKE
Centre for General Studies, Federal Polytechnic Ekowe, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
Abstract
This paper focuses on the explication of content creation as alternative literature. It takes an opinionated position and so deploys vast literature review through conceptual analysis and theoretical frameworks to establish the position taken. The advent of digital technology has revolutionized the way we consume and interact with literature. Content creation, in various forms, has emerged as a viable alternative to traditional literature. This phenomenon is not limited to a specific region or culture, as evident from the diverse range of examples and research from around the world, including Nigeria. As digital technology continues to evolve, it is essential to recognize and celebrate the diversity of digital storytelling and scholarship. One finding of this research is that content creation enables community building and participation, allowing readers and writers to connect and engage with traditional literature in new and meaningful ways. Another one is that online literary magazines have become important outlets for alternative literature, showcasing experimental and innovative writing. The researchers among others recommend that teachers should create collaborative blogs that invite their colleagues and students to share their thoughts and insights on traditional literature.
Keywords: Content creation, digital, alternative literature, ethical dilemmas, blend
ISLAMIC FINANACE, INTEREST RATE AND SMEs IN NIGERIA
NURUDEEN YAKUBU ZAKARIYA; & ABUBAKAR AMINAT
ABSTRACT
Small and Medium-scale Enterprises (SMEs) is a major key in National Growth and Development in all Economies. In Nigeria, this key is locked as a result of high rate of SMEs failures. SMEs in Nigeria represent 97% of all enterprise in the economy (NBS, 2023) of these, more than 85% failed in their first five years of operation. High failures, low progress and low intensification of SMEs are due to commercial bank practices prevailing in high interest rates, high burden of collateral guarantees and provision of funds to large firms on the assumption that SMEs involves high investment. The paper identifies basic Islamic Financing Strategy that could be adopted for reducing and sustaining SMEs risk and failures, and Entrepreneurial development in Nigeria. It is observed that (Riba) interest rate are a major causes of the problems. The paper recommends the adoption of Islamic mode of financing as a tool in reducing high rate of SMEs failures, thereby increasing SMEs performances.
Keywords: Islamic Finance, Interest Rate, Exchange Rates, Returnon Investment and SMEs
BACTERIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT AND PATHOGENICITY OF COLIFORM BACTERIA FROM WELL WATER IN GIDAN WAYA JEMA’A LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA IN KADUNA STATE
1DAVID SIM, 2KEFAS NATSA VICTOR, 3GLORIA MARKUS
1-2Department of Biological science, Kaduna State College of Education Gidan Waya. 3Department of Physics, Kaduna State College of Education Gidan Waya.
ABSTRACT
This study focused on Determination of pathogenicity of coliform bacteria isolated from well water used in Gidan Waya Jema’a Kaduna State, Nigeria. Twenty (20) well water samples were collected from different areas in Gidan Waya Jema’a. Presumptive test method was to determine the coliform bacteria load. Isolation and identification of bacteria from the samples collected was carried out using standard microbiological methods. Pathogenicity such as Survival in Hydrogen peroxide was carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Total coliform counts from selected well water in Angwan mile one ranged from 9 MPN/ 100ml to 26 MPN / 100ml. Angwan Ninzon (4 MPN/ 100ml – 34 MPN / 100ml). Angwan Hausawa (8 MPN/ 100ml to 420 MPN/ 100ml). Angwan Baiya (11 MPN/ 100ml to 170 MPN/ 100ml). The highest coliform bacteria isolated from Angwan mile one was E. coli (60.0 %) and the lowest was Enterobacter sp (20.0 %). From Angwan Ninzon the highest was Salmonella spp and Citrobacter sp (80.0 %). From Angwan Hausawa the highest coliform bacteria isolated was E. coli and Klebsiella spp (80.0 %) and lowest was Citrobacter sp (60.0 %). From Angwan Baiya the highest coliform bacteria isolated was Enterobacter sp and and the lowest was Salmonella spp and Citrobacter sp (40.0 %). The highest coliform bacteria that survived in hydrogen peroxide from Angwan mile one was Salmonella spp, Enterobacter sp, Klebsiella spp (100 %) the lowest was E. coli (33.3 %). From Angwan Ninzon the highest survival observed was from Enterobacter sp and Citrobacter sp (100%) and the lowest was E. coli (50.0 %). From Angwan Hausawa the highest survival recorded was Salmonella spp (100%) and the lowest was Enterobacter sp (33.3 %). From Angwan Baiya the highest survival observed was from Klebsiella spp and Citrobacter sp (100%) and lowest was Enterobacter sp (25.0 %). The high occurrence of coliform bacteria from well water in the study area makes the well water unfit for human use, well water use in Gidan Waya Jema’a should be boiled before use because it is contaminated with pathogenic coliform bacteria.
ABSTRACT WITHOUT PROCEEDING
A SECURED MODEL FOR DATA AND INFORMATION TRANSFER USING A COMBINATION OF CRYPTOGRAPHY (RSA AND TWOFISH) AND STEGANOGRAPHY (LSB)
MUSTAPHA KASSIM, WILLIAMS TEMITOPE BETTY & NWABUEZE C. EMMANUEL
Department of Computer Science, Federal Polytechnic, Mubi
Abstract
Information security is one of the most challenging problems in today’s technological world, with increasing number of inventions and innovations in technology which have become an integral part for humans, the urges for same amount in field of security and privacy is felt. The techniques likes cryptography, watermarking, steganography have been able to provide some relief. The level of intruder on the network and standalone system in recent times is at alarming rate. Hackers have devised several means of intruding to both private and public network as technology appears to be advancing at a very fast rate. This menace necessitates adequate security of data and information share across network. The objective of this study is to develop an interactive model capable of securing data and information in a more effectively way. To achieve this main goal, a combination of cryptography algorithm together with steganography system is proposed. In cryptography, a hybridized RSA and Twofish Algorithm will be used to encrypt the plaintext into cipher text in other to provide a robust and strong means of securing data. In a further attempt to secure the data, Least Significant Bits (LSB) is proposed to embed or hide the data behind some cover media before it is being sent to the intended receiver. The resulting outputs of this research provide a model that can guarantee extra security level for data so as to withstand attackers.
Keywords: Twofish, Cryptography, Steganography, Watermark, Intruder, Encryption.