THEME: CREATE, BUILD AND EXPLORE SUB-SAHARA AFRICAN RESOURCES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN 21ST CENTURY
DATE: 31st March, 2023
VENUE: UNIVERSITY OF JOS, UNIJOS, PLATEAU STATE, NIGERIA
ORGANIZERS: HARVARD RESEARCH AND PUBLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL.
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CONFERENCE ABSTRACTS:
INFORMATION SEEKING BEHAVIOUR OF UNMARRIED PREGNANT TEENAGERS IN SAMARU TOWN OF KADUNA STATE
Isyaku, Aishatu Kuta
Department of Library and Information Science,
Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria
Ibrahim, Muhammad Lawal
Institute of Education,
Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria
Abstract
This study explored the information seeking behavior of unmarried pregnant teenagers in Samaru Community, Kaduna State. the objectives of this study was to identify the sources of information that are available to unmarried pregnant teenagers and to determine the factors that affect their access to antenatal care information services. The study adopted a qualitative case study research design and snowball sampling technique was used to collect data from the three participants of this study. The study found that Human and Print sources were the available sources of information for unmarried pregnant teenagers in Samaru and the factors that affect their access to antenatal care information services include the fact that unmarried pregnant teenagers are not allowed in general hospitals and the fear of disclosure of their pregnancy. The study recommended the revitalization of Sex-Education as a core General course in the first year in universities and Religious leaders should incorporate sex-education in their Islamic school curriculum and Bible study sessions to educate adolescents on the virtues of abstinence from sexual activities until they marry.
KEYWORDS: Maternal Mortality, Information Poverty, Unmarried, Pregnant, Teenagers, Antenatal care information service, Access.
A REVIEW ON INNOVATIVE BUILDING TECHNOLOGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES
*Bello, S. T
Department of Architecture,
School of Environmental Technology,
Federal University of Technology, Minna,
Niger State, Nigeria
Dr. Ezeh, J. C
Department of Architecture,
School of Environmental Technology,
Federal University of Technology, Minna,
Niger State, Nigeria
Abstract
Increasing demand for sustainable development in Sub-Saharan Africa has led to a growing interest in exploring the region’s resources and opportunities for sustainable architecture in the 21st century. The objective of this paper is to explore the opportunities and challenges of using innovative building technologies to create sustainable architecture in Sub-Saharan Africa. The methodology used in this study is a literature review, with a focus on recent research and best practices in the field of sustainable architecture. The major findings of this study indicate that innovative building technologies such as energy-efficient lighting and cooling systems, rainwater harvesting, and solar power can significantly reduce the environmental impact of buildings in SubSaharan Africa. These technologies can also help to address some of the challenges facing the region, such as limited access to electricity and water, and the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. However, the adoption of these technologies in Sub-Saharan Africa is not without challenges. These challenges include high upfront costs, limited technical capacity, and the need for supportive policies and regulations. To overcome these challenges, it is important to develop innovative financing mechanisms, build technical capacity among local communities and professionals, and establish supportive policies and regulations. In conclusion, this paper highlights the importance of using innovative building technologies to create sustainable architecture in Sub-Saharan Africa. It also identifies key challenges that need to be addressed to ensure the successful adoption of these technologies in the region. Finally, this paper offers major recommendations for policymakers, architects, and other stakeholders to promote the adoption of innovative building technologies for sustainable architecture in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Keywords; Sustainable architecture, Innovative building technologies, Sub-Saharan Africa, Opportunities, Challenges
CIVIL SERVANTS ATTITUDE OF FINANCIAL CONTROL FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA: THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY
Christopher Osega Otubor. (Ph.D)
Department of Banking & Finance,
University of Jos, Jos,
Plateau State
Joshua Chibi Dariye
Federal Senator,
Federal Republic of Nigeria
Osaretin Imahiyereobo
Retired Director\Administrative Secretary,
Independent National Electoral Commission
Blessing Zakariya Philemon (PhD)
Faculty of Management Sciences,
Department of Accounting, University of Jos
Jos, Plateau State
Okike Benjamin Matthew
Director of Studies,
Nigerian College of Accountancy, Kwall,
Plateau State
Abstract
Civil service is that institution with civil servants that ran the states with attitudes that most times were appreciable or questionable. In Nigeria, there is a common way of life where a Civil Servant would say, it was not my father’s work. Work or no work, I must collect my salary. Attitudinal control was of concern. The importance of civil service in Nigeria economic development in this twenty-first century was of great concern. Attitude of financial control was the ability to control the perception of an object to the general acceptability of the action taken to enhance financial probity. Literature showed that for the government to execute its activities, the civil service was the main instrument, evolved in Nigeria from the colonial service of administration. The methodology was descriptive and chi-square. Findings showed that civil servant attitude in Nigeria had not enhanced economic development and the approach of civil servants attitude control for economic development in Nigeria was not known and called for investigation where civil servants in Nigeria struggled to change their attitude for the better. In conclusion, the struggle was of an attitude of I do not care which had been detrimental to the economic development of Nigeria and adopting moral and political attitudes signified the approaches of civil servants to their job and the attitude of civil servants as a relationship goal for economic development could not be over emphasized. Recommendation included that civil servant attitude in Nigeria should be properly researched and investigated. The approach of civil servants attitude control for economic development should always be pronounced in the system.
Keywords: Civil, Servants, Attitudes, Control, Economic, Development
ASSESSMENT OF DRINKING WATER QUALITY (CASE STUDY OF GURU VILLAGE IN BAUCHI METROPOLIS, BAUCHI STATE.)
Lagasi, J. E.
Department of Civil Engineering,
University of Jos, Jos,
Plateau State, Nigeria.
Uloko, J. O.
Department of Civil Engineering,
Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi,
Bauchi State, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
Water for drinking and domestic use is difficult to assess in Guru town, a rocky sub-hurb area of Bauchi metropolis, only in raining season can they get water from hand dug well and flowing streams but dries up during the dry season. A borehole was dug in the community and this study is to examine the water quality. Water collected using sterilized plastic bottles from the drilled borehole. Laboratory analyses of the sample includes parameters such as temperature, taste, odour, colour, pH, turbidity, iron, lead and nitrate. The total bacterial count were carried out in Bauchi State Rural Water Supply & Sanitation Agency (RUWASSA), using standard procedures in line with World Health Organization (WHO) and Nigerian Industrial Standard (NIS, 306:2008) for potable water. The results revealed all of the parameters examined did fall within the permissible limits of W.H.O and NIS. There was no trace of lead in all the samples and the SO4 met the limits required, for turbidity four samples fell within the required limit, the PH values was 7.2, also the total dissolved solid (TDS) was 170 mg/l which meet the WHO and NIS. All the Chemical parameters such as the Magnesium (Mg), Iron (Fe), lead (Pb), total hardness (as CaCO3), and Copper (Cu) of the sample fell within the limits of the standards. The study revealed that the water in the area is portable and fit for drinking, domestic uses and the analysis are within the accepted limit.
KEYWORDS: Borehole, Water sample, Analysis, WHO, and NIS.
IMPACTS OF NIGER STATE AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANIZATION DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY ON RURAL DWELLERS IN PARTS OF NIGER STATE, NIGERIA
Oniwumi, Muyiwa Isaiah
Department of Geography
Federal University of Technology, Minna
Niger State, Nigeria
Prof. T. I. Yahaya
Department of Geography
Federal University of Technology, Minna
Niger State, Nigeria
Abstract
The aim of the paper is to examine the impacts of Niger State Agricultural and Mechanization Development Authority (NSAMDA) on rural dwellers in parts of Niger State, Nigeria. The paper used both primary and secondary data. The methods of data analysis used include both qualitative and quantitative data analysis methods. The Data analysis was analysed utilizing SPSS 22.0. As revealed in the study, high response ranked the highest with 118 sampled population, fairly high response ranked second with 76 sampled population, very high response ranked third with 63 sampled population, fair response ranked forth with 44 sampled population and low response ranked the least with 25 sampled population. This revealed that majority of the sampled population have benefited from various Agricultural Development Projects initiated in the study area. This shows that response high ranked the highest with 123 sampled population, response fairly high ranked second with 76 sampled populations, response very high ranked third with 58 sampled population and response low ranked the least with 25 sampled population. This shows that majority of sampled population were influenced by various ADP inputs which has increased agricultural productivity in the study area. The challenges faced by rural farmers in accessing NSAMDA and its programmes in the study area include low awareness, cultural barriers, inadequate capital, illiteracy, inadequate mobility and poor leadership as indicated in the study. Inadequate capital ranked the highest with 43.8%, poor leadership ranked second with 20.9%, low awareness ranked third with 11%, inadequate mobility ranked forth with 9.5% and cultural barrier ranked the least with 6.4%. This revealed that the major challenge faced by rural farmers in accessing NSAMDA and its programmes was inadequate capital. These findings suggest that AMDA’s impact on the rural development in Niger State is pronounced as it has contributed significantly to rural dwellers’ wellbeing. More extension agent should be trained and posted to rural areas to educate and enlighten local dwellers with a few to teaching them in the language they will understand on the innovations in agriculture especially in the area of pest and disease control, when and how to apply them. This will help in preserving most of food crops from being destroyed by pests and other related diseases that attack both plants and animals.
Keywords: Rural Dwellers, Niger State Agricultural and Mechanization Development Authority, Rural Farmers and Perception.
EXPLORATORY REVIEW OF TEMPERAMENT PREDICTION TECHNIQUES IN APPLIED ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Amannah, Constance Izuchukwu
Department of Computer Science,
Ignatius Ajuru University of Education
Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Ofualagba Mamuyovwi Helen
Department of Computer Science,
Ignatius Ajuru University of Education
Port Harcourt, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
Temperament and personality trait is an important factor in the interpersonal relationship as organizations require it for the effective performance of the personnel who will have to engage and interact with others within and outside the organization. The aim of the study was to review temperament prediction techniques in applied artificial intelligence (AI). The objectives of the study were to; identify temperament prediction techniques AI, compare the temperament prediction technique in AI, and recommend the efficient and effective temperament prediction technique in AI. This paper therefore reviewed seven temperament prediction models; logistic regression algorithm, TF-IDF machine learning algorithm, binary-partitioning transformer (BPT), text using naive Bayes, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm, neural network model, a multilevel predictive model, and machine learning approach. The study adopted the exploratory review method which described a research conducted to address an issue that is not yet well understood. The study recommends the artificial neural network model because it proves to be more reliable as it has a higher prediction accuracy compared to other models reviewed
ENHANCED IMAGE PROCESSING MODEL FOR WEED CONTROL IN AUTOMATED FARMING
Obidike E. O1.,
Department of Computer Science,
University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Onuodu F.E2.
Department of Computer Science,
University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Okengwu, U.A.3
Department of Computer Science,
University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
Crops are very important for the survival of the human race. It is s source of food to animals, humans and even other plants directly or indirectly. However, when a crop is attacked by weeds, it competes with the crop for essential nutrients and space and thereby inhibits the growth of the crops. Automated farming is a term who has increasingly gained popularity in recent times, in which farming practices are automated using powerful computerized tool, weed detection and classification is one of such processes which can be improved using machine learning. Several attempts have been made by researchers in previous years to achieve this feat however, there have been drawbacks which have limited the performance and accuracy of the existing models. In this work, an enhanced image processing model for weed control in automated farming have been proposed and implemented. Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) was used to train the image initially and define features of the image. CNN algorithm was used to train the classification network to different the weed prone segment of the image from the actual crops. The Rapid Application Development methodology was adopted in this approach. The system was implemented using Python programming language. The model had a performance accuracy of 95% which outperforms other existing models. Other parameters such as classification time (49 sec.), Learning rate (0.002) etc. were also used to evaluate the model. This study could be beneficial to Ministry of Agriculture, to Commercial Farmers, to Agricultural Institutions, to Farm Implement developers and to the research community.
SOCIO ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF DRY SEASON MAIZE FARMING IN
PARTS OF NIGER STATE, NIGERIA
MOHAMMED, Abubkar Saba
Department Of Geography
Federal University of Technology, Minna,
Niger State, Nigeria.
Dr. Emigilati, M. A.
Department Of Geography
Federal University of Technology, Minna,
Niger State, Nigeria.
Prof. T. I. Yahaya
Department Of Geography
Federal University of Technology, Minna,
Niger State, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
The study analyzed the socio-economic impacts of dry season maize farming in parts of Niger State, Nigeria. Primary data were collected using structured questionnaires administered to one hundred and twenty respondents, who were selected by purposive, and simple random sampling techniques. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, ordinary least square, Likert type scale, gross margin and exploratory factor analysis. The results showed that majority (76.7%) of the respondents were male, with most (78.3%) of household size ranging from 1 to 5 and majority (44.2%) between the ages of 31 and 50. About 62.5% were married and 45.9% attended secondary school. Majority (58.3%) of the irrigation maize farmers make use of both hired and family labor. More than half (51.7%) of the respondents rent land for production and most (57.5%) of the farmers either bought seed from market or used previously harvested seeds. Majority (65.0%) of the maize producers had annual income between N81, 000 and N120, 000, while most of them (88%) had farming experience less than 10 years. The result of the existing practices that could enhance maize sustainability showed that from the farmer’s perspective adequate fertilizer use and pest and disease control were the most important practice for maize irrigation farming as they recorded the highest mean score of 4.13 and 3.66 respectively, with the least been use of irrigation (1.32). The net farm income showed an increased profit for the maize farms that cultivated one hectare using hybrid maize and recommended fertilizer rate, although theyincurred more production cost (N140, 517), they made a profit of N125, 083, with return on investment of N1.89. The result of the irrigation maize production analyzed using sustainability index showed a percentage of only 51%. The explanatory variables such as planting hybrid maize, amount of fertilizer used, amount of pesticides used and number of ha planted were the major determinants of profitability (p<0.01). In addition, seed rate, amount of labor used, amount of herbicide & household size (p<0.05) and early planting & use of animal manure (p<0.10) were also positively related to profit. The null hypothesis was rejected. Finally constraints mitigation and adaptation strategies in maize producers was analyzed using the exploratory factor analysis, the result categorized the most important constraint into 3 factors in the order: economic or cost factor, natural factors and social factor.
Key Note: Fertilizer, Seed Variety, Household, Farmers, Maize, Production.
EXPOUSING THE DANGERS OF CANNED FOODS AND THE BEST POSSIBLE WAYS OF PRESERVING FOODS FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION IN NIGERIA: A PARADIGM SHIFT
Ven Egesi Jonathan. C
Imo StatePolytechnic,Omuma,
Oru –East, Imo State, Nigeria
Dr. (Mrs) Ikeazota Nwamaka
N.F(FMAN)
Keke Kyrian
(AIFCE),Owerri
Agugo U.A (Mrs)
Imo StatePolytechnic,Omuma,
Oru –East, Imo State, Nigeria
(Mrs) Nwaru Christiana. C
Imo StatePolytechnic,Omuma,
Oru –East, Imo State, Nigeria
Abstract
The prevalence of various diseases has become an issue of serious concern and worry. The fact remains that while some diseases contacted through the consumption of canned foods and beverages have names, some others do not have names, making it more difficult for doctors to treat them. It must be that before now, things were not like this as the foods that a typical Nigerian consumed was one basically one of our traditional delicacies. Since the dawn of the colonial masters invasion of our dear land accompanied by their food habits, our traditional foods have been sub merged leaving us with no trace of our traditional foods and habits. The traditional fufu, amala and tuwo masara got displaced and replaced by can foods and jumbos. One sad aspect of the whole thing is that these foods contains flavor and colour and chemicals too which prove harmful for human consumption. The above state is an issue of worry and form the basis for this study. Series of data collection techniques were adopted in gathering data for analysis and included interviews, sampling of opinions, questionnaire, journals, newspapers and the internet. The modernization theory was adopted for this study, thereafter, conclusion was drawn.
Keywords: Expousing, Danger, Canned Foods, Preservation, Nigeria, Human Consumption.
DATA VISUALIZATION: CHALLENGES AND TOOLS
Lele Mohammed
Department of Computer Science,
Federal Polytechnic Bauchi (FPTB)
Abstract:
Data is being processed daily as the result of activities of users on the internet. An activity of a single user for instance on a social media platform can generates volumes of data every day. When such users in their millions of even billions generate huge data, the resultant data is called big data. This data is so huge that and so processing and interpreting it becomes so challenging. Challenges like loss of information as the result of increase in response time can affect data visualization. Representing such huge data in a textual form will not convey all the information needed to be communicated. To convey such information fully and efficiently the data has to be represented in pictorial or graphic format for easier communication and interpretation. This paper explains the challenges of data visualisation and the various tools used to visualise big data.
Keywords-: Big Data, Challenges, Visualisation, Tools and Pictorial.
A PROPOSED IMPROVED CAPTCHA BASED INTRUSION DETECTION MODEL
Abdulrahman Abdulkarim,
Department of Computer Science,
Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi.
Ishaq Muhammed,
Department of Computer Science,
Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi.
Fatima Ahmed Abubakar
Department of Computer Science,
Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi.
Atika Ahmad Jibrin
Department of Computer Science,
Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi.
Suberu Yusuf
Department of Computer Science,
Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi.
ABSTRACT
Intrusion Detection System is a process of intelligently monitoring events occurring in a computer system or network, analyzing them for signs of violations of a security policy. Its primary aim is to protect the availability, confidentiality and integrity of critical networked information systems. This paper considered and reviewed a CAPTCHA based intrusion detection model. The improved model is designed by creating a method of incorporating signature along with CAPTCHA to clear the controversy identified in the existing model. The improved model is expected to be implemented by the design of an interactive website such as an authentication page. In a future work, results from implemented model would be analyzed and evaluation of the performance against the existing model would be carried out. Higher detection rate and a lower false positive rate are being expected to be achieved.
Keywords: Intrusion Detection System IDS, Signature, CAPTCHA, Intrusion Prevention System IPS
WATER USE EFFICIENCY OF PEARL MILLET VARIETIES (PENNISTEUM GLAUCUM L WALP) IN SAHELIAN SAVANNA OF NIGERIA
- A. Bassi,
Department of Crop Production,
Faculty of Agriculture,
University of Maiduguri,
P.M.B. 1069, Maiduguri – Nigeria.
S, Bukar
Department of Agronomy and Soil Science
Bono State University Nigeria.
Abstract
An experiment was conducted 2015 cropping seasons in the North Eastern Nigeria to examined water use efficiency of pearl millet varieties. The crops were grown on a sandy loam soil in spatial arrangement typical of husbandry practices of the region. The soil is characterized by rapid drainage and low water holding capacity. The results showed that pearl millet plant ,single leaf area, number of tillers, per plant were higher for SOSAT-C-88 than ZATIP or LACRI-9702-1C. Panicle diameter, panicle weight, grain yield per ha and straw yield were higher for SOSAT-C-88 than the other varieties.Results indicated that SOSAT-C-88 increase water use rate over LACRI-9702-IC and ZATIP variety as transpiration by this variety may be substituting for soil evaporation. Root zone water storage of was sufficient to maintain a long duration variety ZATIP that was able to make use of water that otherwise would have been lost to drainage during the dry season. As they was no evidence of water stress up to pearl millet harvest. SOSAT-C-88 variety increased the efficiency of utilization of soil water and produced higher growth and yield components. It is concluded that water supply may not be the most limiting constraints on crop production in such conditions.
Keywords: Pearl millet variety, water, soil depth, soil profile
ELECTRICITY PRIVATISATION IN NIGERIA: UNCOVERING LESSONS FOR A BRIGHTER FUTURE
*Omofuma Osamonyi,
Department of Electrical/Electronics Engineering,
Ogun State Institute of Technology, Igbesa,
Ogun State, Nigeria
Thomas Temitope G.,
Department of Electrical/Electronics Engineering,
Ogun State Institute of Technology, Igbesa,
Ogun State, Nigeria
Akinrogunde Oluwadare O.
Department of Electrical/Electronics Engineering,
Ogun State Institute of Technology, Igbesa,
Ogun State, Nigeria
Edwin Theophilus E.
Department of Electrical/Electronics Engineering,
Ogun State Institute of Technology, Igbesa,
Ogun State, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
This paper discussed the lessons from the privatisation of the electricity sector in Nigeria. The origin and factors for privatisation programs in Nigeria to the stagnation of government-owned enterprises and the system’s corruption services were examined. However, the paper explored the conceptual meaning of privatisation and commercialisation. Similarly, the unfruitful output of the privatisation program in the country for more than two decades was examined. The paper concluded that Nigerians have yet to fully realise the benefits of the country’s privatisation efforts as corruption and inefficiency continue to be the norm. The program only allowed some corrupt leaders to acquire those properties at the expense of the average Nigerian. Hence, the program’s purposes and laudable objectives still need to be met and fulfilled. Therefore, the study suggested some far-reaching recommendations to ameliorate problems associated with privatisation programs in Nigeria.
Keywords: privatization, commercialisation, electricity sector, stagnation, Nigeria
HARNESSING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND HUMAN INTELLIGENCE IN ARCHITECTURAL TOURISM TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA
Osunkunle Abdulmageed1
Department of Architectural Technology,
Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi
Maidugu Yama2
Department of Travel and Tourism Studies,
NIHOTOUR, Abuja Campus
Joshua Maxwell Elgen3
Department of Travel and Tourism Studies,
NIHOTOUR, Bauchi Campus
Ayuba S. Dubagari4
Department of General Studies,
NIHOTOUR, Bauchi Campus
Abstract
The synergy between architecture and tourism (Architourism) in the era of artificial intelligence (Ai) and human intelligence (Hi) is very important to sustainable development in Nigerian built environment by considering their opportunities: a tool to augment practice, replacing mundane tasks and meeting up with global best practices. This study focused on sustainable development of architecture and tourism in terms of economic growth, environmental protection and social inclusion by considering the management, production, consumption, innovation, local contents, products, processes and services delivery. It is aimed at identifying the contribution of architecture and tourism to sustainable development in Nigerian built environment, while extant literatures were reviewed to achieve the objectives using questionnaire and interview. Data collected were organized and analyzed using qualitative method of compare and contrast. Findings discovered more effort is required to involve more architecture and tourism impacts in the era of artificial and human intelligence of the 21st century. It recommends that both human and artificial intelligence should collaborate positively in order to pursue vital development of Architourism in the world and Nigerian built environment towards sustainable development.
KEYWORDS: Architourism, development, impacts, management, synergy
DETERMINANT METHOD OF WASTE GENERATION IN NIGERIAN AIRFORCE BASE, KANO
Funke M. Jiyah,
Department of Urban and Regional Planning,
Federal Polytechnic Bida,
Niger State.
Halima A Goyol
Department of Building Technology,
Federal Polytechnic Bida,
Niger State. Nigeria.
Muibat Yusuf,
Department of Urban and Regional Planning,
Federal Polytechnic Bida,
Niger State. Nigeria.
Abstract
Waste is generated universally and is a direct consequence of all human activities. The aim of the study is to examine the method of waste generation in Nigerian Air force base, Kano in order to propose a sustainable method of waste disposal. Data collection method involved the use of stratified random sampling techniques to determine the number of houses to be sampled. Sample frame was 270 houses in the three categories of housing units (low housing units was 36, medium was 84 and high density units was 150). Each stratum of population had proportionate sampling fraction of 25% to ensure that each category of housing units is well represented. Thus, 9, 21 and 38 houses were respectively sampled, totally 68 houses as the sample size. Wastes were collected and scaled once a week to get the weight of waste generated from different households. The wastes were then sorted into different components to identify the types of waste generated as well as the most common waste generated; these include paper/cartoon, clothes, leaves, perishable goods, bottle/glass. The results revealed that quantity of waste generated within the dwelling units varies according to income level of the household dwellers and perishable waste account for the highest waste generated. The high composition of non-biodegradable wastes requires alternative waste management like composting disposal method for environmental friendly systems. Composting is, therefore, recommended as the best method of disposal of solid waste generated in the air force base, and the non-biodegradable should be sorted out and recycled.
Keywords: Solid Waste, Compost, Disposal method, Housing unit, Kano
A NOTE ON HAUSDORFF SPACE AND ITS APPLICATIONS
Adeyemo, S. O.
Mathematics and Statistics Department,
Federal Polytechnic, Nekede,
Owerri, Imo State.
Ofomata, A.I.O
Mathematics and Statistics Department,
Federal Polytechnic, Nekede,
Owerri, Imo State.
Abstract
Many topological spaces, including metric spaces, are Hausdorff spaces. Hausdorff spaces are a fundamental concept in topology and have far-reaching applications in many areas of mathematics and science. Hausdorff space is a separation property in topological space in that, any two distinct points can be separated by a disjoint open set. This implies that whenever and are distinct points of a set , there exist disjoint open sets and such that contains and contains with . Throughout most of the history of modern mathematics, topology has been regarded as strictly abstract mathematics, without applications. In this paper, we will provide an overview of Hausdorff spaces, their properties, and their applications. The study reviewed an application of Hausdorff space in controlling the COVID-19 pandemic, that is, social distancing. This is possible if we let two people say, be in a room together and they are not allowed to share anything in common and are to maintain a particular distance, say 1 meter to 2 meters, throughout the room. Then and are two distinct points of sets in the set. This is social distancing and Hausdorff Space.
Keywords: Hausdorff Space, Topological Space, Social distancing, Application of Hausdorff space, controlling COVID-19 spread
ENVIRONEMNETAL and METOCEAN ASSESSSMENT OF AQUACULTURE FARMING for SEAWEED and FISH IN WEST AFRICA
Prof Dr Oladokun Sulaiman Olanrewaju
Felicia Yetunde Eboka
ABSTRACT
Fish is one of the basic animal protein sources which are important in building the body and replacing the worn-out tissues in the body. A large proportion of the protein consumed in Nigeria is derived from plants, red meat and fish. Fish has an advantage over the others, since it is of high-quality protein (FAO, 2002). Fish provides essential nourishment, especially quality protein and fats (macro nutrients), vitamins and minerals (micro nutrients). Secondly, for those involved in Fisheries, Aquaculture and Fish trade, fish is a source of income which can be used to purchase other additional food items (Kabahenda et al., 2009). The main source of animal protein in Nigeria is fish contributing more than 40% of the total animal protein in their diet, either as fresh fish or cured in a variety of ways such as smoking, salting and sun drying. Fish can see as renewable natural resources (Eyo, 2001). Seaweed is shelter for different generations of marine organisms to protect the growth and feed efficiency. They are also alternative protein sources for farmed fish because of their high protein content and productivity. This paper presents interaction of fish and seaweed in West Africa Coast.
IMPACT OF BOARD SIZE AND INDEPENDENCE ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF LISTED DEPOSIT MONEY BANKS IN NIGERIA
Ali, Mathew Bello
Bursary Department,
Federal Polytechnic, Mubi
Adamawa State – Nigeria, P.M.B., 35
Monica Shadrach
Accountancy Department,
Federal polytechnic Mubi.
Adamawa State – Nigeria, P.M.B., 35
ABSTRACT
This study assessed the impact of board size and independence on financial performance of listed deposit money banks in Nigeria for the period of Twelve (12) years from 2010 to 2021. Eight (8) out of fourteen (14) listed deposit money banks formed the sample. The sample was drawn using convenient sampling. The data for the study were collected from annual reports and accounts of the sampled companies and were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation coefficient and multiple regressions using STATA software version 13.00. The study found board size to have a negative and statistically significant impact while board independence has positive and significant impact on the financial performance (ROE) of listed deposit money banks in Nigeria. Thus, the study recommends that the board should be small enough to conduct high-quality, active debates, but large enough to give the skills and practice required for the board to function well, it should not be too high as it negatively affect financial performance. The Study also recommends that there is need for increase in the independent non-executive directors on the board as it promotes better performance of the banks.
Keywords: Financial performance, Return on equity, Board size, Board independence.
THE EFFECT OF MORINGA EXTRACT ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF WHITE AND YELLOW VARIETIES OF MAIZE (Zea mays)
Abubakar Dauda Jugulde
Department of Crop Production
Federal Polytechnic, Bali
Taraba State
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays L) is one of the major cereal crops grown in the humid tropics and Sub-Saharan Africa It is a versatile crop and ranks third following wheat and rice in world production as reported by Food and Agriculture Organization. Moringa is the sole genus in the flowering plant family Moringaceae made up of 13 species but the commonest one is Moringa oleifera. Moringa contains zeatin, a plant hormone derived from the purine adenine. It is a member of the plant growth hormone family known as cytokinins. These plant hormones help cell division, differentiation, and growth, protect against oxidation and help in nutrient assimilation The experiment was carried out in The data obtained were subjected to a Soft wire called Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) for the analysis of variance (ANOVA). After the analysis, the following results were obtained. The result showed that moringa extract had a statistically significant effect on the growth of maize (P < 0.05). The result showed that growth of maize cultivars did not vary in their response to moringa extract (P > 0.05). The result showed that different concentration of moringa extract had a statistically significant effect on the growth of maize (P < 0.05). The result showed that moringa extract had a statistically significant effect on the growth of maize (P < 0.05).
Keywords: Moringa, Hormone, Oxidation, Growth and Yield
ASSESSMENT OF THE LEVEL OF CONCENTRATION OF SOME SELECTED NUTRITIONAL ELEMENTS IN THE FRESH, DRIED AND CANNED BEANS SAMPLED FROM A POPULAR MARKET IN SAKI WEST LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF OYO STATE.
Imran, Musah Olalekan,
*Department of Science Laboratory Technology,
The Oke-Ogun Polytechnic, Saki,
Oyo State, Nigeria.
Lawal, Ismail Ajerogba,
*Department of Science Laboratory Technology,
The Oke-Ogun Polytechnic, Saki,
Oyo State, Nigeria.
Yekeen, UthmanAdeola
*Department of Science Laboratory Technology,
The Oke-Ogun Polytechnic, Saki,
Oyo State, Nigeria.
Giwa, Afeez Ajibola
*Department of Science Laboratory Technology,
The Oke-Ogun Polytechnic, Saki,
Oyo State, Nigeria.
Abstract
The present study evaluated the mean concentrations of minerals in three beans forms (Fresh green beans, Dry beans and canned beans). An analytical methodology was optimized, which involved several steps from sample preparation and instrumental analysis – spectrometer. The present study provides information about the total concentration of trace metals (Na, Mg, Mn, Fe, Ca, K and Zn in those beans samples. The elements that presented a greater mean concentration from all beans involved were K (1.89mg/l in canned beans sample) and Mg (0.7mg/l in canned bean).The canned beans sample showed a higher concentration of K and Mg. In fact, the canned bean was the only sample that contains the entire mineral element investigated. However, among all of the trace metals under studied, Iron (Fe) and Zinc (Zn) is present in all of the beans samples. Manganese (Mn), Magnesium (Mg) and Potassium (K) is not found in both Fresh green and dry beans samples. Sodium (Na) and Calcium (Ca) were not found in the Dry beans sample alone unlike other samples. It could be inferred that, the industrial process that the canned beans underwent is a yardstick towards it nutritional value as show from the result. Also following the canned beans sample in mineral element value is the fresh green beans and this could also be as a result of the nascent nature of the beans compared with the dry sample that had underwent more dehydration naturally by sun drying, hence, could be reason for the limited metal concentration.
Keywords: Beans, Minerals, Trace metals, Iron, Sodium, Calcium
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PEARL MILLET [PENNISETUM GLAUCUM (L.) R. BR.], COWPEA [VIGNA UNGUICULATA (L.)] AND COWPEA SOWING DATES IN MAIDUGURI, NORTH EASTERN, NIGERIA
- A. Bassi,
Department of Crop Production,
Faculty of Agriculture,
University of Maiduguri, P.M.B. 1069,
Maiduguri – Nigeria.
- Bukar
Department of Agronomy and Soil Science,
Bono State University Nigeria.
Abstract
Field experiments were conducted in 2018 and 2019 rainy seasons at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Department of Crop Production, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri (11047N; 12016E) to determine the comparative analysis of Pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.], Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.)] and cowpea sowing dates. The treatments consisted of three pearl millet varieties: ZATIP, SOSAT-C-88 and LACRI-9702-IC, two cowpea varieties: Borno Brown and IT 89 KD- 288 and four cowpea sowing dates: 0 weeks after sowing millet (WASM), 1 WASM, 2 WASM and 3 WASM. The experimental design was Split-Split plot with the pearl millet varieties allocated to the main plots, cowpea varieties assigned to the sub-plots and cowpea sowing date assigned to the sub- sub plots in 1:1 alternate row arrangement, and replicated three times. The results showed that in 2015, 2016 and the combined mean, Plant height, number of branches/ plant, grain yield/hectare and were significantly greater for Borno Brown than IT 89 KD- 288 variety. Delaying cowpea sowing date by three weeks after sowing the millet component decreased number of branches, grain yield and fodder yield in cowpea. The SOSAT-C-88 and Borno Brown intercrop produced the highest grain yield of pearl millet in both the years and the combined mean. The cowpea variety Borno Brown was more competitive with pearl millet at simultaneous ( 0 WASM ) or 1 week after sowing millet that had greater grain yield than IT 89 KD- 288. Fodder yield and pod yield were greater for Borno Brown intercropped with LACRI-9702-IC or SOSAT-C-88 than IT 89 KD- 288 intercropped with ZATIP. Linear relationships among agronomic parameters of cowpea revealed that, pod yield, grain and fodder yield increased significantly with increase in plant height and number of branches
Keywords: Vigna, pennisetum, dates, pearl.
OPTICAL BOARD AS AN ARTIFICIAL TECHNOLOGY FOR A PEER TEACHING CLASS IN A NIGERIAN UNIVERSITY
Associate Professor Azidah Abu Ziden
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Dr Adu Ifedayo Emmanuel
Department of Educational Technology,
Bamidele Olumilua University of Education,
Science and Technology Ikere Nigeria
Abstract
This study investigated the optical board as an artificial technology for peer teaching in a Nigeria university. A design and development research (DDR) design was adopted, which entailed the planning and testing of instructional design models adopted to produce the optical board. This research population involved twenty-five (25) peer teaching students at a Nigerian university consisting of theatre arts, religion and language education related discipline. Also, using random sampling technique this study selected eight (8) students to work on the optical board. Besides, this study introduced a research instrument titled lecturer assessment rubric containing a 30-mark metrics for evaluating student’s teaching with the optical board. In this study it was discovered that the optical board affords students acquisition of self-employment skills through their exposure to the peer teaching course, which is a teacher training module in Nigerian universities. It is evident in this study that students were able to coordinate their design and effectively develop the optical board without lecturer’s interference. This kind of achievement in this research shows that the Nigerian university curriculum had been designed with contents meant to spur students to create jobs after graduation and effective implementation of the readily available curriculum contents is enough to imbue students with the needed entrepreneurial skills. It was recommended that the Federal Government of Nigeria (FGN) must discourage poor implementation of Nigeria university curriculum and invest more in the betterment of the readily available curriculum instead of considering a synonymously acclaimed new curriculum for regurgitated teaching and learning process.
Keywords: Optical board, Artificial technology, Peer teaching, Educational technology, Nigeria, Malaysia, University, Glass, Wood, Electrical, Improvisation
CRITICAL REVIEW ON THE EMERGING THREATS, PROSPECTS AND SOLUTIONS TO CYBER SECURITY
Amannah, Constance Izuchukwu
Department of Computer Science,
Ignatius Ajuru University of Education,
Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Ofualagba, Mamuyovwi Helen
Department of Computer Science,
Ignatius Ajuru University of Education,
Port Harcourt, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
Cyber security is concerned with preventing illegal usage, invasions, sabotage, and natural catastrophes from affecting information, hardware, and software on the Internet. The aim of the study was to review the emerging threats and prospects in cyber security. The objectives of the study were to; identify the emerging threats in the cyber landscape, identify the prospects in cyber security and recommend measures to mitigate the cases of cybercrime. The method used in the study is the exploratory review. The study exposed seven emerging threats; inn cyber security; Third-Party Exposure, Configuration Mistakes, spyware, ransomware extortion plots, social engineering schemes, phishing scams, and malware attacks. The study also identified six emerging prospects for cyber security; global response to cyber threats, national security implications, corporate cyber security strategies, strategic assessments, operational assessments and tactical assessments. The emerging solution to cyberspace determined in the study were; Multifactor Authentication (MFA), Security Service (SS), Firewall System, Regulatory Requirements, Cloud Computing, and End-user education. The study recommends Firewall and Cloud computing as effective solution measures to emerging threats to Cyber security
EVALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION PRACTICES IN PART OF MINNA METROPOLIS AND ENVIRONS, NIGER STATE, NIGERIA
Nusa, Abubakar
Department of Geography
Federal University of Technology Minna,
Niger State, Nigeria
Prof. A. Abdulkadir
Department of Geography
Federal University of Technology Minna,
Niger State, Nigeria
Abstract
This study evaluated the effectiveness of environmental sanitation practices in part of Minna metropolis and environs in Niger State with a view to identifying the different environmental sanitation problems emanating from the level of adequacies of the amenities. The objectives are to: assess the knowledge of environmental sanitation among household in the study area, examine the environmental sanitation practices in the study area, examine the environmental sanitation facilities and services delivery in the study area and evaluate the effectiveness of environmental sanitation practices in the study area. Data used for the study were collected using two (2) instruments: questionnaire administration and field survey made by the researcher. The questionnaires were administered using the systematic random sampling technique whereby 399 respondents were sampled. Descriptive statistical tools were used for the study such as frequency percentage counts and charts. The study established that the majority 233(58.4%) of the respondents were male. It also revealed that most of the respondents had tertiary qualification with the highest percentage proportion 70%. The study indicated that households are knowledgeable about environmental sanitation with the aggregate mean score of 3.209 which is greater than the decision means score of 2.50. The respondents using pipe borne water regularly accounted for 68.2%, well water 66.7%, 63.7% use borehole water and two significant methods of water purification are boiling and use of chemical purifiers accounted for 46.4% and 13.5% respectively. The findings revealed that waste storage receptacles mostly used are bucket out of use representing 61.2% and jerry can 60.4% and the most prominent duration of waste storage before disposal is between 5˗7 days accounted for 40%. It was established that the sanitation facilities among household with the proportions of buildings that have soak away pit, septic tank, waste water pit and drainage are77.7%, 9.5%, 74.7% and 77.4% respectively. The study also indicated that the effectiveness of environmental sanitation practices in Minna metropolis and environs are fairly effective with the aggregate mean score of 3.1 which is slightly greater than the decision mean score of 3.0. It was concluded that adequate and positive knowledge of environmental sanitation with good attitude and practices exist among households in the study areas. The study recommends that policymakers in government and non-governmental organizations should redesign a plan of action to maintain the positive knowledge, attitude, and practice of environmental sanitation among households in Minna metropolis and environs.
Keywords: Environmental sanitation, Waste, Household and Minna metropolis
EVALUATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF AGRO-CLIMATIC VARIABLES ON SUGARCANE CULTIVATION IN SELECTED LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREAS OF NIGER STATE, NIGERIA
Salihu, I.
Department of Geography,
Federal University of Technology, Minna,
Niger State, Nigeria.
Prof. Yahaya, T.I.
Department of Geography,
Federal University of Technology, Minna,
Niger State, Nigeria.
Abstract
This research work on Evaluation of the Influence of Agro-climatic Variables on Sugarcane Production in Parts of Niger State, Nigeria, dwells on the analysis of some major agro-climatic factors and how they influence the spatial distribution of suitable sites for sugarcane cultivation in parts of Niger state, Nigeria. In this paper, agro-climatic conditions were used in mapping out suitable sites for sugarcane production in selected local government areas in Niger state Nigeria. In search of more areas to diversify sources of revenue for the state, the researchers ventured into the aspect of sugarcane production to look for additional sites, different from the ones being cultivated presently. From the literatures reviewed in the course of this study, no work has been carried out specifically mapping out areas that will be suitable for sugarcane production in the State. Therefore, to fill this gap, this work was conceived. The study covers four Local Government Areas with total area of about 19,158 Km2. Data on rainfall, temperature, relative humidity, soil, relief and drainage were transformed into spatial datasets and integrated in the process of Weighted Sum overlay in ArcGIS 10.2 and in line with the FAO guidelines on suitability analysis for the sites selection. Four classes of suitability were arrived at, which are Most suitable, Moderately suitable, Marginally suitable and Not suitable sites for sugarcane cultivation. The results show that, most suitable areas cover a total area of about 7,004Km2 (37%) of the area), moderately suitable areas cover about 3,797Km2 (20%), marginally suitable areas cover about 2,549Km2 (13%) and not suitable areas cover 5,808Km2 (30%). Both most suitable and moderately suitable areas for sugarcane cultivation cover a total area of about 10,801Km2 and this represents about 57% of the total area. This area is substantial enough to produce sugarcane in a quantity that can boost the economy of the state and the country at large. Therefore, the government of the State should key in to this potential area of economic diversification by inviting stakeholders in the area of sugarcane production to look into this finding with the aim at promoting sugarcane production as one of the major sources of income to the State.
Keywords: agro-climatic, site suitability, sugarcane, suitability analysis, spatial data
MOBILE RADIO PROPAGATION: A REVIEW
Afeare, Mark Oisakhodion
Telecommunication Engineering Department,
Federal University of Technology Minna,
Niger State, Nigeria
Abraham, Usman Usman
Telecommunication Engineering Department,
Federal University of Technology Minna,
Niger State, Nigeria
Suleiman, Zubair
Telecommunication Engineering Department,
Federal University of Technology Minna,
Niger State, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
Path loss represents the reduction in signal strength of the transmitted signal caused by large scale fading along the communication path. Having accurate path loss models becomes essential during the deployment of wireless systems. Many different propagation models are available for different types of terrain, and their performances are location dependent and site specific. However, in order to obtain a dependable path loss model for a given area, a general model needs to be tuned. The tuned model can then be used by engineers to determine the correct values of parameters such as base station (BS) location, transmitter and receiver antenna height, down tilt angle, transmitted power, and frequency. The four major path loss propagation models, empirical, physical/analytical semi-empirical and deterministic have enjoyed much attention from researchers because of their ease of use, simplicity and less computational efforts. However it failed to take into consideration the physical composition of the target environment thus making them venerable to high prediction error when applied to a similar environment different from which it was designed. The difficulties experienced by the researchers determining the detailed information about the propagation environment prompted the heuristic model. Heuristic models involve nature-inspired computational intelligence in determining path loss also known as computational intelligence (CI). However the need to develop an improved dependable path loss for a given area has been very challenging by most researchers. This paper reviews both the traditional models and the computational intelligence and incidentally opens new research issues and future research directions.
Keywords: Path loss, traditional models heuristic, computational intelligence,
INCOME GENERATING ACTIVITIES OF RURAL WOMEN IN KADUNA STATE AGRICULTURAL ZONE III, NIGERIA
Kassah, A.,
Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development,
School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology,
Federal University of Technology, Minna,
Niger State, Nigeria
Muhammad, H. U.,
Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development,
School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology,
Federal University of Technology, Minna,
Niger State, Nigeria
Tsado, J. H.
Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development,
School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology,
Federal University of Technology, Minna,
Niger State, Nigeria
Abstract
This study assessed the income generating activities of rural women In Kaduna State Agricultural Zone III, Nigeria. A Multi-stage sampling procedure was employed to select 248 rural women for the study. Primary data were collected with the aid of structured questionnaire complemented with an interview schedule. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics however 3 – point Likert type rating scale was used to measure the level of rural women involvement in income generating activities. The results reveal that the mean age was 42 years, with a mean household size of 6 people, and mean farming experience of 22 years. In terms of various incomes generating activities engaged by the rural women, crop farming (95.2%), agro-processing (70.2%) and petty trading (46.4%) ranked 1st, 2nd and 3rd respectively, among IGR involved. The respondents had high involvement in crop farming (=2.8), agro-processing (=2.3) and petty trading (=2.0). It was therefore recommended that, microfinance institutions should be established in rural areas to provide financial support to women entrepreneurs
Keywords: Income generating activities, rural women, extent of participation
POWERING THE FUTURE: A SUSTAINABLE REFORM PLAN FOR OVERCOMING TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION CHALLENGES IN NIGERIA POWER SECTOR.
*Omofuma Osamonyi,
Department of Electrical/Electronics Engineering,
Ogun State Institute of Technology, Igbesa.
Thomas Temitope G.,
Department of Electrical/Electronics Engineering,
Ogun State Institute of Technology, Igbesa.
Akinrogunde Oluwadare O.
Department of Electrical/Electronics Engineering,
Ogun State Institute of Technology, Igbesa.
Edwin Theophilus E.
Department of Electrical/Electronics Engineering,
Ogun State Institute of Technology, Igbesa.
ABSTRACT
This study aims to identify and offer potential solutions to the transmission and distribution challenges that impede the performance and reform of the Nigerian electricity industry. The research recognises the importance of transmission and distribution in the power industry and its challenges. This research examined several factors that are hampering Nigeria’s efficient electricity supply. Similarly, the study discussed the necessity for a new paradigm shift from the conventional power generation and distribution grid system to a Smart Grid (SG) system. This new strategy boosts renewable energy generation via distributed energy systems in a smarter grid that can manage many parameters without human interaction. Consequently, the study suggested several solutions centred on three critical areas: infrastructure investment, smart grid technology, and the promotion of renewable energy sources. Therefore, the study’s suggestions are intended to improve the dependability, efficiency, and sustainability of Nigeria’s electricity industry and contribute to the country’s overall economic growth and development.
Keywords: sustainable energy management, transmission, distribution, power sector, smart grid
IMPACT OF MANAGERIAL AND INSTITUTION OWNERSHIP ON DEBT FINANCING OF LISTED INSURANCE COMPANIES IN NIGERIA
Monica Shadrach
Accountancy Department,
Federal Polytechnic, Mubi
Adamawa State – Nigeria, P.M.B., 35
Ali, Mathew Bello
Bursary Department,
Federal Polytechnic, Mubi,
Adamawa State – Nigeria, P.M.B., 35
ABSTRACT
This study assessed the impact of managerial and institutional ownership on debt financing of listed insurance companies in Nigeria for the period of twelve (12) years 2010 to 2021. Eighteen (18) companies out of twenty-eight (28) companies were selected based on purposive sampling. The data for the study were collected from annual reports and accounts of the sampled companies and were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation coefficient and multiple regressions through the use of STATA software version 13.00. The study found managerial ownership and institutional ownership to have positive and significant impact on debt financing of listed insurance companies in Nigeria. Thus, the study recommends that both Managers and institutional investors should be wary of their influence on debt desirability and reduce the amount of debt in the capital structure especially where there are signs of financial deterioration which is usually associated with high cost of debt. They should only increase debt in the capital structure of companies when profits are high; cost of equity capital are high and benefits of tax shield are high and ensure that long-term debts are used to finance fixed tangible assets while short-term debts are used to finance short-term obligations.
Keywords: Ownership structure, Managerial ownership, Institutional ownership, Debt financing.
THE EFFECT OF NPK FERTILIZER ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF AMARANTHUS.
Abubakar Dauda Jugulde
Department of Crop Production
Federal Polytechnic, Bali
Taraba State
Abstract
Amaranth (Amaranthus spp.) is one of the most important underutilized crops inherent to Central and South America. In Africa, old-fashioned leafy vegetables are used as a source of nutrients and vitamins for both urban and rural populace. It is extensively cultivated in different regions of the world as well as in Nigeria as food and leafy vegetable NPK fertilizers are as supplement to natural crop nutrients supplied by the soil especially when the soil fertility decreases.Nitrogen fertilizer affect respond of amaranth cultivars in relation to growth and yield. Four experiments were conducted on the Research Farm of the Department of Agricultural Technology, Federal Polytechnic. The first experiment was to see the effect of nitrogen fertilizer on the growth of AmaranthUS. The second was on the effect of nitrogen fertilizer on the yield of Amaranthus. The third was to compare the effect of different concentration of nitrogen fertilizer on the growth of Amaranthus. The fourth was compare the effect of different concentration of nitrogen fertilizer on the yield of Amaranthus. The results show that nitrogen fertilizer had statistical significant effect on the growth of Amaranthus (p < 0.01). Nitrogen fertilizer had statistical significant effect on the growth of Amaranthus (p < 0.01). Different concentration of nitrogen fertilizer had a statistical significant different effect on the growth of Amaranthus (p < 0.01). Different concentration of nitrogen fertilizer had a statistical significant different effect on the yield of Amaranthus (p < 0.05).
Keywords: NPK, Growth, Yield and Amaranthus
SUMMARIZATION AS AN INDISPENSABLE LANGUAGE SKILL FOR 21ST CENTURY INDEPENDENT LEARNING
Landi Amos Gideon
Department of General Studies
Abubakar Tatari Ali Polytechnic, Bauchi
Bauchi state, Nigeria
Happy Atong Landi
Department of General Studies
College of Education, Gindiri
Fatima Sani Umar
Department of General Studies
Abubakar Tatari Ali Polytechnic, Bauchi
Bauchi state, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
This study Examines the effect of instruction in summarization on SSII students’ achievements of reading comprehension in Bauchi local Government area of Bauchi State. The objectives of this study were to determine the extend to which instruction will enhance SSII students’ ability to identify main ideas in a given passage, to determine students’ ability to identify supporting details in a given passage and to determine students’ ability to summarize a passage effectively. A non-probability judgement was used to select a sample size of 368 from a population of 8,440 students of SSII in all public schools in Bauchi local government Area of Bauchi state. Pre-test and Post-test were the instrument used for data collection while the arithmetic mean and T-test were used for data analysis and interpretation. The findings rejected the null hypothesis at 0.05 level of significance and concludes that the alternative was accepted, thus there is a significant difference between students who were taught summarization and those weren’t taught. The study recommended that there should be seminars and workshops on the strategies to improve instructions in summarization. There should concerted effort on the part of teachers’ trainers to inculcate in teachers the practice of teaching summarization as a process not a product. Lastly, there should be summary competition for students in order to spur students’ skills and strategies for effective summarization.
Keywords: Instruction, Summarization, Summary, Comprehension, Reading comprehension.
TEACHING FUNCTIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF ELT: AN OVERVIEW OF TENSE
Hannatu Fibemi Makka
School of Business Management and Technology
Department of General Studies, English Unit
Federal Polytechnic Bali, Taraba State
Abstract
This paper focuses on teaching functions of absolute tenses in addition to forms and meanings in the context of English Language Teaching (ELT). There is need to incorporate teaching functions of tense instead of teachers to concentrate on forms and meanings only. Observations indicate that L2 learners face too many challenges in respect of reasons or specific functions for using linguistic elements such as absolute tense. For instance, “will” is mostly taught to be future tense marker and it simply tells us about the action which is to take place in the future. However, if the language practitioners limit the teaching of English tenses on only form and meaning, it is tantamount to damaging the integrity of the communication due to inadequate linguistic competence for the various functions the absolute tenses perform. So using the form of language such as “will” and other absolute tenses could be difficult. Therefore, teaching English tense is not all about focusing on forms and meanings only but functions should also be inclusive. The method employs in this work is secondary which depends on sources of information from journals, textbooks, seminars and e-materials. The result unveils that teaching absolute tense with more focus on functions is quite significant since it demonstrates why each form of tense is used in English. This paper intends to equip practitioners, researchers, L2 learners, curriculum developers and any interesting individual or organisation with the idea of functions for teaching or using absolute tenses in English.
Keywords: Teaching, L2 learners, Tense, Absolute tense, Timelines, PPP method
RURAL DEPOPULATION: THE PLANNING IMPLICATIONS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF BIDA URBAN AREA, NIGER STATE.
Dangana Ismaila
Department of Urban and Regional Planning
School of Environmental Studies.
Federal Polytechnic Bida Niger State
Yahaya Mohammed Shafii
Department of Urban and Regional Planning
School of Environmental Studies.
Federal Polytechnic Bida Niger State
ABSTRACT
The paper examined the causes of rural depopulation and the planning implications for the development of urban area of Bida, Niger State. The objectives are to; examine the forces contributing to rural- depopulation of the study area, ascertain the urban preparedness in accommodating the rural migrants of the study area. Both primary and secondary sources of data collection were adopted. Structured questionnaire and personal observation were used and copies of questionnaire designed were administered to 214 selected residents through stratified random sampling techniques in the study area The data collected were carefully analyzed using frequency tables pie chart and histogram. The following finding were revealed, After the careful analysis of the data; majority of respondents revealed that they lack of social amenities in their rural area, the respondents concurred with availability of job opportunities in the urban area,91.1% of the respondents attest to the availability of jobs and 8.9% responded against the availability of jobs in the study area. Recommendation Provision of essential services and facilities for both the urban area and the neighboring rural areas to bring about a balance:, Population Control, Key stakeholders in urban areas must provide campaigns and counseling for effective medical health clinics and family planning to help reduce the high rates of population growth.
KEYWORDS: Depopulation, Rural, Urban, Facilities Counseling.
MINERAL AND FUNCTIONAL PROERTIES OF LOCAL SNACKS (ALKAKI) PRODUCED FROM WHEAT, RICE AND BENINSEED FLOUR BLENDS
Ndaliman M.B1,
Department of Nutrition Dietetics,
Federal Polytechnic, Bida
Bello H.K
Department of Hospitality and Management,
Federal Polytechnic Bida
Abstract
This paper is to study the effects of supplementation on the proximate composition and consumer acceptability of local snacks (Alkaki) produced from Wheat, rice and beninseed flour blends. The Alkaki is a Sweet snack mainly eaten during special occasions like weddings in the Northern part of Nigeria. Alkaki is rich in carbohydrate, Mineral (To maintain the body PH; it makes your bone strong) vitamins and antioxidants that helps prevent the body from certain cell damage. In the previous study protein-energy malnutrition has been identified as one of the most important problems in Africa. For the purpose of this study materials sampled at 100% Wheat Alkaki; 10% Benniseed and 90% wheat; 20% Benniseed and 80% wheat; 0% Benniseed and 100% Rice and 0% Wheat; and 5%Wheat and 10%Beninseed and 85% Rice. The results of analysis indicated that sample A (20.12±0.03) was significantly higher in protein content ranges from (15.74±0.97 to 20.12±0.03). These values were higher than other related previous studies. The study reveal that the Local snacks can be produced from Wheat/rice and Benniseed blend using cooking method.
Keywords: Supplementation, Proximate, Composition, Acceptability, Local Snacks (Alkaki).
CLASSICAL SCHOLARLY HOMES AND THEIR CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE REFORMATION OF ISLAMIC TEACHING AND LEARNING IN BAUCHI STATE
Muhammad Mujtaba Abdulkadir, PhD
School of Undergraduate,
Islamic Studies Department
A D Rufa’I College Of Education,
Legal & General Studies, Misau Bauchi State
Dr. Muhammad Auwal sulaiman
School of General studies,
Abubakar Tatari Ali Polytechnic, Bauchi
Auwal Gambo Pali
School of Undergraduate,
Islamic Studies Department
A D Rufa’I College Of Education,
Legal & General Studies, Misau Bauchi State
Garba Abubakar Umar
School of Undergraduate,
Islamic Studies Department
A D Rufa’I College Of Education,
Legal & General Studies, Misau Bauchi State
Abstract
Scholars had often established fully teaching activities in the field of Islamic and Arabic studies, according to time and ability. They have rendered their contributions in teaching profession upon time to their communities and through this they secured the classical mode of Islamic and Arabic teaching and learning, in spite some challenges. their endeavor offered additional ground in planting the specialization in Islamic and Arabic scholarship in different places in Northern Nigeria prior to and after Shaykh Uthman bn Foduye’s Jihad, till today their roles is been witnessed through Tsangaya and Zaure system of education by using traditional pedagogy through classical activities. The functioning of the system necessitates the possibility of formalizing such legacy left to the later generation. This topic precisely shades light on the features of traditional Islamic education and possible ways to be followed in formalizing its pedagogy and curriculum for upgrading as an established system for learning Islamic and Arabic studies. The outlined solutions in this research may contribute in harnessing together to drive the policies upon which Government may wish to adopt because such centres is a place for acquiring both Islamic and Arabic knowledge serve like a department in modern university faculties. This, as an attractive system of learning is adopted in most of Northern States thus, it became a legacy to be maintained and upgraded based on time and climate change
LOGISTICS MANAGEMENT AND SEASONAL PRICE VARIATION OF FRESH TOMATO IN NIGERIA MARKET
Ogah, Arome Victor (Ph.D)
Department of Marketing,
Federal Polytechnic, Ado-Ekiti,
Ekiti State
Iyaji Eleojo Inekwe
Department of Marketing,
Federal Polytechnic, Idah,
Kogi State.
Olorunmaiye, Olatunbosun
Department of Procurement and Supply Chain,
Federal Polytechnic, Ado-Ekiti,
Ekiti State
Abstract
The study focused on logistics management and seasonal price variation of fresh tomato in Nigeria market. The specific objectives of the study were to examined the effect of processing technology, modern storage system and standard transporting system on seasonal price variation of fresh tomatoes in Nigeria market. The study adopted survey research design. Data were collected through primary source. The population of the study consist of Educated wholesaler and retailers of fresh tomato dealers across two geographical zones: Lokoja metropolis in Kogi state and Ado–Ekiti metropolis in Ekiti State in Nigeria. These respondents were used due to their background knowledge in tomato business. The study utilized convenience sampling technique to select sample of 225 respondents for the study. 5-point Likert scale options of structured questionnaire were used in the study to obtain respondents response. Simple linear Regression analyses was used to test the hypotheses through Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23. From the findings it was revealed that processing technology, modern storage system and standard transporting system have significant effect on seasonal price variation of fresh tomato in Nigeria market. The study attracts the following recommendations: Farmer and tomato dealers should be involve in standard methods of processing technology in order to curb seasonal price variation of fresh tomatoes in Nigeria market.; Both farmer and tomato dealers should engage in modern storage system to keep the tomato fresh in all seasons to avoid price variation. Accurate and standard transporting system should be put in place to create access for availability of fresh tomato in all season in order to solve the problem of price variation in Nigeria market.
Keywords: Logistics, Management, Price, seasonal variation, Tomato, Market
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN USER’ S SATISFACTION WITH OUTSOURCED FM SERVICES IN DALHATU ARAF SPECIALIST HOSPITAL LAFIA, NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA
Bitrus Ayuba,
Department of Estate Management,
Bingham University Karu,
Nasarawa State, Nigeria
Adeyinka Rukayat Bewaji,
Department of Estate Management,
Bingham University Karu,
Nasarawa State, Nigeria
Donatus Adamu Lucas,
Department of Architecture,
Bingham University Karu,
Nasarawa State, Nigeria
Joseph Audu,
Department of Architecture,
Bingham University Karu,
Nasarawa State, Nigeria
Alfazazi Mohammed Okugya
Department of Estate Management,
Baze University Abuja, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
The study aimed at assessing the relationship between user’s satisfaction with outsourced facilities management services and work motivation with a view to enhancing staff satisfaction in work place using DalhatuAraf specialist Hospital lafia. Survey research was carried out through the use of questionnaire instrument. A total of three hundred and fifty (350) questionnaires were administered to staff, out of which three hundred and four (304) were retrieved. The Stratified sampling technique was adopted for the study, while data obtained from the field were analyzed using statistical packages for social sciences. The study found out 9 FM services to be completely outsourced in the hospital. these includes; plant maintenance and repairs, general cleaning services, waste disposal services, landscaping maintenance, security services, office furniture and stationary provision, catering car park maintenance and restroom management. In addition, the findings indicated that there was a strong positive correlation between staff satisfaction with outsourced FM services and work motivation as the r value = 0.392 which is significant at 0.01 level (2-tailed). The study recommends that hospitals and companies alike should exploit the option of outsourcing not only for FM services but also other none core services to have a competitive advantage.
KEYWORDS: Satisfaction, Facility Management and Outsourced service
EVALUATION OF EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF INCLUSIVE EDUCATION AT THE COLLEGES OF EDUCATION IN NIGERIA: CHALLENGES AND WAY FORWARD
Hyeladzira Audu
Department Of Psychology/Guidance and Counselling,
Adamawa State College of Education Hong,
Adamawa State
Mwapishak, Mikitda Sani
Otana Hearing & Edu-Health Services, Nigeria
Jos Branch, Plateau State.
Abstract
This paper discussed the field of special needs education and its position in the Nigeria’s national education policy, with the fundamental principle of projecting the image of all children with special needs to learn in a least restrictive environment, regardless of any difficulties and differences they may have. It also discussed the various challenges facing special needs education in colleges of education in Nigeria and its effects on persons with special needs, as they lack equal access to public and basic resources like right to education, right to employment, right to social integration, stigmatization, negative attitude from the society, poor health care system and legal support system. Strategies for removing challenges of special needs education in colleges of education in Nigeria to enable social inclusion were proffered. The following recommendations were made: Government at all levels should make teaching of special needs education compulsory in all colleges of education in Nigeria and schools should avoid discrimination against persons with special needs in quest of their educational pursuit. There should be public enlightenment campaign to enable the Nigerian citizens embrace inclusion with ease and teachers for both government and private colleges of education should update their knowledge in the field of special needs education, this will go a long way in making them more relevant.
Key Words: Special Needs Education, Inclusive Education, Evaluation, Implementation.
INFORMATION SEEKING BEHAVIOUR OF UNMARRIED PREGNANT TEENAGERS IN SAMARU TOWN OF KADUNA STATE
Isyaku, Aishatu Kuta
Department of Library and Information Science,
Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria
Ibrahim, Muhammad Lawal
Institute of Education,
Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria
Abstract
This study explored the information seeking behavior of unmarried pregnant teenagers in Samaru Community, Kaduna State. the objectives of this study was to identify the sources of information that are available to unmarried pregnant teenagers and to determine the factors that affect their access to antenatal care information services. The study adopted a qualitative case study research design and snowball sampling technique was used to collect data from the three participants of this study. The study found that Human and Print sources were the available sources of information for unmarried pregnant teenagers in Samaru and the factors that affect their access to antenatal care information services include the fact that unmarried pregnant teenagers are not allowed in general hospitals and the fear of disclosure of their pregnancy. The study recommended the revitalization of Sex-Education as a core General course in the first year in universities and Religious leaders should incorporate sex-education in their Islamic school curriculum and Bible study sessions to educate adolescents on the virtues of abstinence from sexual activities until they marry.
KEYWORDS: Maternal Mortality, Information Poverty, Unmarried, Pregnant, Teenagers, Antenatal care information service, Access
EXPLORING RESOURCES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN AGRICULTURE FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN SUB-SAHARA AFRICA IN THE 21ST CENTURY
Abu Mohammed
Department of Agricultural Education
Federal College of Education (Tech) Bichi
Musa Kuttu Julius
Department of Agricultural Education
Federal College of Education (Tech) Bichi
Abstract
The Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) region accounts for more than 950 million people, approximately 13% of the global population and by 2050, this share of population is projected by United Nation to increase to almost 22% or 2.1 billion. The region could strategically and sustainably use this population advantage to improve her agricultural production activities to guarantee food security and for sustainable growth and development. Agriculture which has remains a key sector in the economy of Nigeria and other sub-Saharan African countries is mainly practice at subsistence level and therefore, it inadequate exploration over the years has affected the opportunities that are abounding along agricultural value chains expected to turn around the economy of the region. The paper therefore, focused on the resources of agriculture such as land, water, crops, livestock and their exploration, production and opportunities available for the benefit of the region. Issues of man power, agricultural related technologies and current practices that impede sustainable development in the region were also discussed and conclusions were made. The paper among others recommended that the region should identify areas of agricultural production where they have comparative advantage for development taking into consideration the available manpower, land mass and water resources for sustainable economic growth and development in the 21st century and beyond.
Keywords: Exploring, Resources, Agriculture, Opportunities and Sustainable Development
IMPACT OF CLIMATE ON LOWLAND RICE PRODUCTION IN PATIGI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF KWARA STATE, NIGERIA.
Shuaib Sani Muazu
Department of Geography
Federal University of Technology Minna,
Niger State, Nigeria
Mohammed Ahmed Emigilati
Department of Geography
Federal University of Technology Minna,
Niger State, Nigeria
ABSTRACT:
The study assesses the trend of climatic factors (rainfall, relative humidity, maximum temperature and minimum temperature) in Kwara state. The study also analyzes the trend of rice production in Kwara state. Descriptive analytical method was used to examine the trend of climatic elements on rice production for a period of 20 years. It also included the use of secondary sources of information, such as published material, Journals and Internet. The trends were graphically represented. The result of the study reveals that there is variation in the trend of climatic variables and also variation in rice output. These variations could be due to climatic factors such as rainfall patterns, rise in temperature, drought and flooding which introduced unfavourable growing conditions into the cropping calendars, thereby modifying growing seasons which could subsequently reduce rice productivity. The study recommends that research should be done to find the means of reducing the effect of climate change in order to improve the agricultural sector of the economy which has been of utmost priority in recent times.
Keywords: Climate change, greenhouse gases, agriculture, rice, yield.
INVESTIGATION OF THE ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF Nauclea latifolia (AFRICAN PEACH) LEAF EXTRACTS ON SELECTED BACTERIAL PATHOGENS
Ezechukwu, G.C.,
Department of Microbiology,
Federal University of Technology, Minna,
Niger State, Nigeria.
Kuta, F.A,
Department of Microbiology,
Federal University of Technology, Minna,
Niger State, Nigeria.
Adabara, N.U.
Department of Microbiology,
Federal University of Technology, Minna,
Niger State, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
Nauclea latifolia (Smith), African peach, is an evergreen and multi-stemmed shrub, used ethnomedically in many African countries including Nigeria. This study evaluated the antibacterial activities of the leaf of N. latifolia on clinical isolates of Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptoccocus pyogenes from Microbiology Laboratory, General Hospital, Minna. The leaf powder was obtained by pulverizing washed and dried leaves, using a laboratory blender. Cold maceration technique was used by soaking 200g of the powdered leaf in aqueous and ethanolic solvents, respectively. The agar well diffusion method was used to determine the antibacterial activity of the extract on the isolates. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by the Broth dilution method. The ethanolic solvent yielded more crude extracts, 19.8g (9.9%) than the aqueous solvent, 14.2g (7.1%). The phytochemical constituents present were phenols, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, and steroids. The ethanolic extracts of the leaves showed higher antibacterial activity than the aqueous extracts. The highest inhibition zones of 23.4 mm and 29.7 mm for aqueous and ethanolic extracts respectively, at the highest concentration of 200 mg/mL, was observed against Staphyloccocus aureus, while the lowest inhibition zone of 20.3 mm (aqueous) and 24.1 mm (ethanol) was observed in Salmonella Typhi. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the extracts ranged between 3.125 – 25 mg/mL and 6.25 – 50 mg/mL respectively. This study validated the medicinal use of N. latifolia leaves. Leaf extract of N. latifolia could be used for the treatment of some bacterial pathogens.
Keywords: Nauclea latifolia, phytochemical constituents, aqueous extract, ethanolic extract, antibacterial activity.
SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF HEALTH CARE FACILITIES IN SOBA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA
Zailani Shehu
Department of Geography,
School of Secondary Education Art and Social Sciences
Federal College of Education Zaria
ABSTRACT
Potential spatial accessibility is a very important component of the primary health care system. The aim of the research is to analyze spatial distribution of health care facilities in Soba local government area of Kaduna state, Nigeria. The data used for the study includes: coordinates of the health care facilities were obtained using the handheld GPS, attribute data of the identified healthcare facility were sourced from the various healthcare facility management by inventory using checklist. The data include healthcare facility name, ward/location, category, ownership, while the map of the study area were sourced from administrative map of Nigeria. These data were incorporated into ArcGIS 10.3 software interface, mapped and analysed using nearest neighbourhood analysis and inferential statistical tool to determine the pattern in terms of how dispersed, clustered or randomly distributed the healthcare facilities are. The result shows that a total of 49 health care facilities were distributed across the study area. From this result, Soba Ward have the highest population 47388 people with 5 HCFs while Turawa with 26,688 people have 8 HCFs. Danwata ward with population of 28436 people which is higher than Turawa ward have only 2 HCF. From the result, it is clear that Turawa ward is well served with health facilities more than any other ward having facility per population ratio of 1:3334. The results from the nearest neighbor analysis on the spatial pattern of health facilities in the study area indicates that locational pattern of Health Care facilities in the study area is statistically random. Based on the results of the analysis there is need for the government to allow the mandated institutions the free hand to select communities that genuinely need health facilities.
Keywords: Distribution, Primary Health Care Facilities, Spatial pattern
IMPERATIVES FOR A HEALTHY ENVIRONMENT THROUGH BIODEGRADATION OF PLASTIC POLLUTANTS: TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
John O. Okara
Department of Biology
Federal College of Education (Technical),
Asaba, Delta State
ABSTRACT
Polythene and Plastic wastes range in types including pure water sachets, cellophane bags, plastic packaging of confectioneries, bakery products, toiletries, laminating materials, soft drinks, pieces of plastic buckets, plates, cups, wrappings etc. They are found in household wastes, refuse dump sites, municipal drainage system, street refuse collections, where they constitute menace; where they constitute serious pollution, health hazard and endangerment to the environment. Removal of these pollutants from the environment is then crux of this research. The microbial degradation of plastic wastes will be determined by measuring changes in physical properties, amount of CO2 evolved or by observation of microbial growth after exposure to biological or enzymatic environments. The effect of amending biodegradation medium with organic and inorganic fertilizers will also be determined. Possible toxic effects on the environment will be assessed by screening for presence of heavy metals. The overall objective is to ascertain the roles microorganisms can play in waste management; as well as optimum conditions for microbial degradation of plastic pollutants. It is expected that a cost effective, environment-friendly waste disposal system will be developed. This can form a basic research tool necessary for formulation and implementation of policies and programs at the States and Federal Ministries of Environment and related Parastatals and Agencies.
Keywords: Bacillus subtilis, biodegradation, natural weathering, waste disposal, polyethylene, plastics.