JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN & CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT (AJECM-3) 3

AFRICAN SCHOLAR JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN & CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT (AJECM-3)

VOL. 7 NO. 3 ISSN – 1896–6783

Published by:

African Scholar Publications and Research International,

Centre for African Studies, University of Ibadan, PO Box 10108, U.I. Post Office, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria – West Africa.

Copyright © 2017 African Scholar Publications and Research International.

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CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT PERSPECTIVE OF CLIMATE CHANGE – A CASE STUDY OF ASABA.

ARC. A. J. ISIWELE, ARC. M. O. ADAMOLEKUN AND ARC. A. G. NOAH.

Department of Architecture, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Nigeria.

ABSTRACT

The uncontrollable increase in human activities from population, ecology, the built environment and waste disposal system are all threats to the climate. It is no news that our world is continuously undergoing changes in all ramifications, this changes most of the time are detrimental to our climate. According to current findings, indoor and outdoor activities like heating, burning, cooking, cooling and other physical activities release intensive energy emissions that can disrupt the climate of a place. Our day to day activities has change the world we live in and therefore has altered the climate. This paper therefore aims at investigating the built environment as it relates to physical climate of the environment. Information were gathered from case studies, and useful literature materials such as books, magazines, journals and the internet was also very instrumental and was consulted in the course of the study in descriptive method of analysis based research. In addition questionnaires were distributed to professionals of the building industrial in Asaba to ascertain their level of awareness of climate change. The entire world is at risk, the continents are in a continues drift (continental drift), the seasons are no longer consistent, there is an uncontrolled rise of sea levels leading to flood and tsunami, the weather is harsh and the days are unpredictable, All of these points to climate change of the built environment. Experts of the built environment need to come up with new innovation for the survival of the environment and its inhabitance. It is no news that the world in the year 3000 will be allot different from the one we live in now, sustainable ideas and design strategies are profound ways to escape the plague that is before the earth. Findings from data collected and study indicates that 71% of people still use incandescent bulbs, 92% use petrol generators and another 28% use candles and other crude source for power generation. Built up environment without the integration of the ecosystem will amount to a failed act of procreation. The study recommends the design and building of a more ecologically balanced and sustainable environment that is friendly to the natural environment and could adapt to the change in climate.

Keywords: Climate change, Natural environment, Sustainability.

AN EVALUATION OF TENDERING METHOD FOR PROJECT PROCUREMENT IN NIGERIA CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

JOSEPHINE O. OLANIYI; MUINAT O. SANNI & CHOJI D. ABRAHAM

Quantity Surveying Department, Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna

ABSTRACT

The study investigates the tendering method for project procurement in Nigeria construction industry. The research identifies the tendering method used in Nigeria construction industry and examined the effect of these methods on project procurement in Nigeria construction industry. A structured Questionnaire was administered to 60 respondents and 51 were returned which represented 85% of the questionnaire administered forming the accessible population. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The study find that the competitiveness and attractiveness of price, do not lead to high levels of provisional sum, while contractor not fully understanding project may lead to a higher risk allowance, Lack of competitiveness is not  suitable for public procurement contracts and Contractor involvement throughout the process will effect  mitigation against risk throughout the design process The study concluded that the exiting tendering methods are suitable for effective project  procurement  in Nigeria construction industry . The study recommended among others that the contractor should have full understanding of the project and the contractor to handle Turkey and design and build project should be knowledgeable in the project.

Keywords: Construction industry, project procurement, tendering methods

AN EVALUATION OF MODULAR BLOCK UNITS FOR SUSTAINABLE BUILDINGS IN NIGERIA

¹KHALID ABUBAKAR MUNKAILA ²IBRAHIM IDRIS ³MOHAMMED ALIYU ABDULLAHI ⁴OSUNKUNLE ABDULMAGEED

¹Department of Quantity Surveying, Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi ²Department of Building Technology, Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi ³Department of Architectural Technology, Abubakar Tatari Ali Polytechnic, Bauchi ⁴Department of Architectural Technology Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi

ABSTRACT

In pursuant to a better future of building construction processes and procedures in Nigeria, hence the paper assesses the possibilities of selected modular block units of L, T and I forms for perfection, cost effectiveness, waste reduction, speedy construction among others of load and non-load bearing walls (internal or external). It also appraises the recent development at this juncture which implies the recent trend in the modular design and construction that are sustainable to the environment. As a result, it was suggested that stakeholders should be cognizance of the application of modular block units with standard material make-up along with the construction technologies so that the current obstacles being faced with building construction would be greatly revamped in the building developments in Nigeria.

Keywords: architect, builder, future, sustainable, modular.

PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF PUBLIC PROPERTY MANAGEMENT- A CASE STUDY OF NATIONAL INDUSTRIAL COURT, ABUJA, FCT.

¹ SALAU LIADI TUNDE AND ² SALAWU MORUF BABATUNDE

¹ Department of Estate Management, Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi ² Department of Estate Management, Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna.

ABSTRACT

Monetization policy of the Federal Government was borne out of waste and and corruption being experienced from improper management of publicly owned property. The ownership and subsequent management of such landed property were transferred to private individuals. However, due to expedient reasons certain categories of these government properties are still being held and managed by public estate officers of which the residential quarters and main offices of National Industrial Court are included. This paper explores the problems of public property management which span from corruption, nepotism in awarding repair contracts to bureaucratic bottleneck involves in carry out some of the simple job of property management. The research adopts distribution of questionnaires to the stakeholders and use simple descriptive analysis in identifying the solutions to the problems aforementioned.

Keywords: Public Property, Property Management, National Industrial Court, Estate Surveyors and Valuers

IDENTIFYING PROSPECT SITES FOR GROUNDWATER EXPLORATION USING GEOSPATIAL TECHNIQUES FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN ZARIA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA 

SANI BADAMASI

Department of Surveying and Geoinformatics, Nuhu Bamalli Polytechnic, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria

ABSTRACT

A vital requirement for balancing fundamental human needs with environment sustainability has prompted the use of geospatial techniques in selecting favorable sites for well/borehole locations. As a result of the unevenness of groundwater within the study area that causes well/borehole dry-ups in some quarters.  Hence calls for an assessment for the variance of the resource in order to enhance its exploration as well as conserving and managing it. The aim of the study is to identify the groundwater prospect sites to explore in Zaria Local Government Area, Kaduna State, Nigeria. Landsat ETM+ and GDEM by ASTER, conventional maps and meteorological data were used to develop thematic maps of drainage density, geology, geomorphology, land cover, lineament, rainfall, slope, and soil. The influence of each theme and its classes to groundwater occurrence was evaluated using the analytical hierarchical process (AHP) based on previous studies. The groundwater prospects map was produced by the weighted index overlay model in GIS. These prospects were mapped in five categories: very good, good, moderate, low and very low zone. The very good zones covers 0.90% (2.71 km²)) of the total size of the study area. While the good, moderate, low, and very low zone covers 15.6% (47.1 km²), 54.8% (165.49 km²), 26.8% (80.93 km²), and 1.9% (5.74 km²) respectively

Keywords: Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP), GIS. Ground water, Remote Sensing, Sustainable Development

FROM INSPIRATION TO TRANSFORMATION: USING ORIGAMI AND TESSELLATION CONCEPTS FOR SMART BUILDINGS

¹ODETOYE ADEOLA SUNDAY ²IBRAHIM IDRIS ³RASHEED TUNDE BHADMUS ⁴KHALID ABUBAKAR MUNKAILA

¹Department of Architecture, Ladoke Akintola University, Ogbomoso, Oyo State. ²Department of Building Technology, Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi ^3&4Department of Quantity Surveying, Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi

ABSTRACT

Origami and tessellation evolve a great idea developed into geometrical interlocking shapes or form to produce a modular template. Origami and tessellation in relation to architecture were established as a conceptual system suggesting further use of both techniques and methods for exploring the transformation of three-dimensional entities in the design of spatial structures. In Islamic art and Japanese architecture, origami plays a very important role in the evolution of design thoughts both in theory and practice. As a result of the above, this paper is aimed at studying the various inspirations and transformations of origami and tessellation concepts in sustainable architecture. The provision of smart cities is to improve on this situational trend, certain innovative constructions, cutting-edge technologies, principles, laws and regulations among others. Ever increasing demands for smart building systems can never be under estimated which calls for adequate sustainability. As a result of the above, this paper revisits as well as appraises the issues such as innovative designs systems, amphibian architecture systems, digital city systems, intelligent building systems, zero-energy emission systems, 3d printed homes or hybrid, vertical and modular systems etc. for implementation.

Keywords: architects, concepts, smart building, transformation, systems.

ON THE EFFECT OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL CARRYING CAPACITY ON FOREST RESOURCE BIOMASS USING A COMPUTATIONAL APPROACH.

EKAKA-A, E.N.^A AND ATSU, J.U.^B.

^aDepartment of Mathematics, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt. ^bDepartment of Mathematics/Statistics, Cross River University of Technology, Calabar

ABSTRACT

The quantification of a biodiversity loss requires a sound mathematics reasoning of which the application of a numerical simulation forms an integral part. Mitigation measures can be effective only if parameters responsible for biodiversity loss are identified and a realistic policy formed to sustain the conservation of forestry resources. This challenging environmental problem can be successfully tackled by using ODE 45 robust numerical scheme. The novel result that we have achieved which we have not seen elsewhere are fully presented and discussed in this paper.

Keywords: Forest Resource Biomass, Carrying capacity, Biodiversity, Numerical Simulation, Mitigation measures, Conservation.

INVESTIGATION AND ASSESSMENT OF BAMBOO AS A CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL (PART 1)

*DR. ENGR. GANA A.J **DR. ENGR THEOPHILUS.T

*Civil Engineering Department, Collage of Science and Engineering, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Kwara state **Civil Engineering Department, Federal University of Technology Minna, Niger State

ABSTRACT

The shortage of housing in developing countries motivated the search for low cost construction sustainable materials that can be applied in the construction of affordable houses in this context; researchers have been studying the application of the locally available natural materials as building material as blocks, reinforcement, soils, and cement. The understanding of working with bamboo has caught the attention of Engineers, architects and material researchers due to its great potential as a construction material. This study attempts to investigate and assess bamboo as a construction material, benefits, Veritable investment for low and high income earners, bamboo applications, and its characteristics. The study provides recommendation and conclusion which befit the subject matter under consideration.

Keywords: investigation, assessment, bamboo as a construction material

ASSESSING THE IMPORTANCE OF USING ICT TO MANAGE INFORMATION IN NIGERIAN CONSTRUCTION SITES

ABDULKARIM MOH’D ILIYASU, MAHMUD ABBA TAHIR ², ZEMNAN TITUS WILLIAMS³, ABUBAKAR HAMZA SAKWA

^1&3Department of Building Technology, Federal Polytechnic, Kaura- Namoda. Nigeria. ²Department of Building Technology, Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi. Nigeria. ⁴Warams Services Ltd, Abuja. Nigeria.

ABSTRACT

In recent times, the Construction Industry has been benefiting from ICT advancement in project undertakings. Persistent fragmentation leads to misinformation between project members due to some factors. Information and communication technology makes it easier for information and communication to be recorded and transferred in a construction site. This research focuses on studying the use of mobile computing and wireless communication and to highlight ways in which it can be implemented to manage on-site construction information. A well-structured questionnaire was developed and targeted top management professionals that are involved in construction site activities. A total of 130 questionnaires were distributed between 5 construction companies. The respondents had on site experience and consisted of Site managers, Engineers, Project managers, Architects, Contractors and other construction personnel. Out of the 130 questionnaires distributed, 63 were returned. However, only 45 were valid for data collection, this shows a return rate of 19%. The data received was then analysed It was found that mobile devices adoption for managing on-site construction information is used at a considerably high rate but still it needs to be properly implemented into the system. Even though, mobile computing has certain barriers, there exists potential to coordinate site activities in an efficient manner.

Keywords: Mobile, Construction industry, ICT, wireless, communication     

PRINCIPAL COMPONENT FACTOR ANALYSIS OF THE MORPHOSTRUCTURE OF WEST AFRICAN DWARF SHEEP

¹FALOWO, T. J. AND ²SALAKO, A. E.

¹Department of Agriculture, Wesley University of Science and Technology, Ondo ²Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan

ABSTRACT

One hundred and twenty-five (125) West African Dwarf (WAD) sheep were used. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) extraction reduced data dimensionality, and was used in the assessment of their shape and size. The parameters measured were Body Length (BL), Wither Height (WH), Heart Girth (HG), Pouch Girth (PG), Rump Height (RH), Rump Width (RW), Rump Length (RL), Tail Length (TL), Ear Length (EL), Foreleg Length (FLL), Rear-leg Length (RLL), Shoulder Width (SW), Neck Circumference (NC), Head Length (HeL), Head Width (HW), Horn Length (HL), and Hock Length (HoL). In the PCA, Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) measure of sampling adequacy of 0.931 revealed the proportion of the variance in the body measurements. Bartlett’s test of sphericity (P<0.05) tested the hypothesis that the correlation matrix is an identity matrix, which indicated that body measurements were unrelated. Communality of 0.416-0.870 is the explained variance. The determinant of 1.82E-007 was obtained from the correlation matrix. The variance explained the initial solution, extracted components and rotated components. In the extracted components, the breed explained 65% of the variability in the parameters, so it considerably reduced the complexity of the data set using these components, with only a 35% loss of information. The rotated component matrix determined what the components represented. After a high rotation of the component matrix two principal components were yielded by the factor solution. The first component was most highly correlated with RLL, FLL, and WH. The second component was most highly correlated with NC and HeL. In conclusion, the PCA provided information on the most meaningful parameters, which described the whole dataset affording data reduction with minimum loss of original information, thereby assessing the animal in terms of size and shape.

Keywords: Morphometric parameters, PCA, First component, Second component.

FLOOD VULNERABILITY MODELLING USING GEOSPATIAL TECHNIQUES

¹IBRAHIM MUHAMMAD MAGAJI, ²ISHAKU ILIYASU AND ³BADEMA ALI

¹Department of Surveying and Geoinformatics, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi, Nigeria ²Department of Surveying and Geoinformatics Federal Polytechnic Damaturu ³Department of Geography, Yobe state University

ABSTRACT

Nafada Town experiences frequent flooding events during the peak period of the rainy season (July-September). As a consequence, tolls and property losses are recorded yearly. A few existing gauge rainfall data are of short time series and hence doesn’t not warrant in-depth investigations into these flood occurrences. To understand vulnerable areas, we use a geospatial vulnerability model, the Multi criteria Evaluation techniques. The objectives pursued were to produce for the study area, land use/land cover map, vulnerability modelling criteria and flood vulnerability model. Datasets used are Landsat 7 imagery and Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) Digital Elevation Modelled obtained from the USGS. Supervised classification method using maximum likelihood technique was used in the production of land use/cover map from the Landsat imagery while SRTM DEM was used in the production of flood vulnerability modelling criteria that include fill sink, terrain wetness index, proximity to river and overland flow length and then combined to produce flood vulnerability model. Results show that about 13% of the study area is vulnerable to flood, affecting mostly buildings and farmlands. This is huge, considering that most people inhabit the low land areas where they can have access to water easily.

Keywords: Nafada Town, Model, Vulnerability, Fill sink, Multi criteria, Flood, terrain wetness index, Overland flow length, Disaster, Land use