AFRICAN SCHOLARS JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCE (JHSS-4)
VOL. 9 NO. 4 ISSN – 2110-2086
Published by:
African Scholar Publications and Research International,
Centre for African Studies, University of Ibadan, PO Box 10108, U.I. Post Office, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria – West Africa.
Copyright © 2017 African Scholar Publications and Research International.
PLEASE CONTACT US FOR THE FULL MANUSCRIPTS.
THE LEGISLATURE AND CONSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT: DISCOURSES AND DEMOCRATIC REFORM IN NIGERIA
ADOLE RAPHAEL AUDU (Ph.D)
Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Management Sciences, University of Maiduguri.
ABSTRACT
The legislatures in a modern state are the body that pass laws, determine the ways of raising and spending public revenue, and discuss matters of public importance. In almost every democratic setting, they have some part in the process of amending the constitution. The relevance of this arm of government cannot be over emphasized. However, the National Assembly which is saddled with the responsibility of making laws in Nigeria has been confronted with so many challenges from colonial to post independence era.This paper begs to answer these inevitable posers: how has the legislature evolved from colonial period to 2017 in Nigeria? What is the constraining factors affecting the development of the legislature Vis –a- viz democratic reform in Nigeria? It is against this background therefore, that this paper examines the legislature and constitutional development: discourses and democratic reform in Nigeria.The study obtained data through the secondary source of data collection. These include the use of textbooks, journals and relevant materials from the internet. The paper reveals that the investigative device used by the National Assembly is characterized by a doubtful combination of surveillance and the aspiration of committee chairmen has made legislative processes opaque and off limits to public awareness as seen in the case of the budget padding and the pension scam in the National Assembly. The paper also reveals that the National Assembly has not fully implemented the Freedom of Information Act 2011 and this has severly affected democratic reform in Nigeria. The paper therefore recommends among others that the legislative arm of government should publish quarterly or annually reviews detailing all their activities this will go a long way in reforming the democratic process in Nigeria.
Keywords: Legislature, Constitution, Constitutional Development, democratic Reform, National Assembly, Nigeria.
ISLAM AND CHRISTIANITY FROM A COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE
AHMAD WAZIRI
School of Arts and Social Sciences, A.D. Rufa’i College for Legal and Islamic Tudies P.M.B 004 Misau, Bauchi State
ABSTRACT
This paper titled; Islam and Christianity from a comparative perspective is going to shade light on Religious Crisis in Northern Nigeria 1996 – 2011 it attempt to ascertain and examine how crisis and disturbances of religion ascribed to Northern Nigeria. It Examines and analyzes socio-political and economical factors influence the crisis between Muslim and non-Muslim in Northern States, and to examine analyses the remote causes of religious crisis in and to get immediate ways to avert and prevent its future occurrences. It involved Historical methods. and the deviation were influenced by socio-cultural intrusion ignorance, grievance, misapplication of the the religious teachingss, due to tribal or cultural influences within the society setting, political discrimination, economic dependence and enslavement among others.
Keywords: Islam, Christianity, Comparative, Perspective, Crisis.
CAMARA LAYE’S L’ENFANT NOIR: A MAGIC REALIST TEXT EXPRESSING THE MALINKES’ CULTURAL DISJUNCTION
AKANDE OLUBUKOLA ABOSEDE (Mrs)
Department Of French, School Of Languages, Emmanuel Alayande College Of Education, Oyo
ABSTRACT
The concept of environmental history reveals the interactions between humans and their natural environments which is of central importance to control our ecological predicament. This concept also examines the impact that man has had on the environment and his complex relationships with the material conditions of the earth; how man develops the resources to satisfy his needs. This includes analysis of political and economic institutions such as natural environment, mode of production, relations of production, distribution and consumption. Likewise, this also demonstrates that there is societal purpose for members of each societal class co-existing in the society and that they co-exist as constituents of the society and that they live to contribute to the greater societal hegemony. This paper looks at existence, importance and usage of diverse materials and human resources in our area to enhance socio-economic, historical and political values among the Malinkés in Camara laye’s l’Enfant noir. This paper reveals different ways of perceiving everyday objects and life. The paper thus looks at everyday objects and the life in the novel to portray the strange, the uncanny, the spirit, the magic aspect of everyday reality. This research work also looks at some fantastic and philosophical elements in objects and life the author introduces to shake habitual perceptions of his surroundings such as telekinesis, clairvoyance, and cosmology. Diverse professions and accessories, traditional religion and practices, magic ritual and rites are parts of themes in the paper.
Keywords: African Science and Technology, The Malinkés, Camara Laye and l’Enfant noir.
THE CHALLENGES IN TERTIARY INSTITUTION IN NIGERIA (A CASE STUDY OF AMBROSE ALLI UNIVERSITY, EKPOMA, EDO STATE)
ANTHONY EMHENYA IYOHA (PhD) & UMORU YAKUBU
Department of Public Administration, Auchi Polytechnic, Auchi
ABSTRACT
The challenges of Tertiary Institutions in Nigeria is as a results of combination of factors that are produced by historical antecedents within the country and the tempest of globalization leading to the steady institutional decline being experienced today. Arising from the above, there is need to prevent the total collapse of the institution. For realization of this goal, it should be noted that the world economy today is knowledge based and the institution is where knowledge is continuously generated for advancement through research. To this end, all stakeholders (i.e. Government, the University(ies), students, parents etc.) must make their own contributions towards the revitalization of the University(ies) through adequate funding, and evolving of institutional strategic plans.
Keywords: Examination, Misconduct, Cultism, Government, University, Parents, Students.
A SURVEY OF FACTORS AFFECTING YOUTH PARTICIPATION IN COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES IN SHIRA LOCAL GOVERNMENT, BAUCHHI STATE
MANSUR BABA (Ph.D)
Education Foundation Department, School of Education, A.D Rufa’i College for Legal and Islamic Studies Misau, Bauchi State, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
What is pertinent to the success in community development activities is the active participation of the community members of the community. This study was on the survey of factors affecting youth participation in community development activities in Shira Local Government of Bauchi State. It specifically investigated the scope of youth activities, the positive and negative factors affecting youth participation in community development activities in said Shira Local Government. The research adopted a survey research design and used a sample of three Hundred and Ninety two 392 comprising of the members and official of the fifty five (55) youth organization and community development officers of the local government, two research instruments were used viz. the Questionnaire for members of Youth Organization (QMYO), the Questionnaire for officials of Youth Organization (QOYO) and focus group discussion guide. The data collected were analyzed using frequency counts and percentages. The finding of the study reveals that the youth undertake activities in self-help, Health care, Education, Disaster management and religion in the local government. It also reveals that youth employment, Effective mobilization and youth community education play a positive role in youth participation in community development activities in the local government. While financial problem, Religious poor perception, lack of awareness and youth unemployment play the negative effect on the youth participation in community development activities in the local government. Based on these finding, it was recommended, that youth employments should be improved by the local government council should recruit adequate personnel especially village level workers for effective mobilization. As they can live with the people and interact with them for successful implementation of community development activities. And finally, the local government should establish bodies to be monitoring developmental activities using an acceptable standard, assessing them with the view of rewarding the best active organizations.
Keywords: Factors, Affecting, Youth, Youth participation, Participation, Community, Community Development and Development.
L2 LEARNER AND THE QUESTION OF LINGUISTIC PRODUCTION: KARAI-KARAI NATIVE SPEAKERS AND THE PRONUNCIATION OF ENGLISH LEXICAL ITEMS
LAMIDO ALI
School of Languages, A.D. Rufa’i College for Legal and Islamic Studies, Misau, Bauchi State
ABSTRACT
This paper examines the pronunciation of English lexical items by Karai-Karai native speakers in Jalam, Dambam LGA, Bauchi State. It contends that, in pronouncing English words, Karai-Karai native-speakers transfer some of their mother tongue features into English. The paper observes that there are some phonemes that are present in English but absent in Karai-Karai. Most Karai-Karai native-speakers replace these sounds with similar ones present in Karai-Karai. The paper relates these problems to the problems of learning English as a second language and concludes by suggesting that the only way to remedy them is to apply effective training.
Keywords: L2 learner, linguistic production, Lexical items, ‘Karai-Karai’
QUALITY OF DRINKING WATER IN SELECTED COMMUNITIES OF KOGI STATE, NIGERIA
MUYIWA BABATIMEHIN
Social, Governance Policy Research Group, Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
Assessment of drinking water from different sources in selected communities of Kogi State, Nigeria was made. Using standard procedures, their physico-chemical properties and trace metals were determined and compared with the acceptable limits for human consumption as set by the World Health Organisation (WHO), Standard Organisation of Nigeria (SON) and other regulatory bodies. The result revealed that electrical conductivity (EC) is high in Ohucheba community’s mechanical water pump in Adavi Local Government Area (LGA), while turbidity level is high in Ofu river of the Ugwolawo community and Ogberuku stream of Mangogo community. Magnesium (Mg) was discovered to be generally high in the drinking water sources in the area except in Maboro river of Olamoboro community with a relatively high concentration than the permissible level. Iron concentration is higher than the amount allowed for human consumption in the Inachalo stream of Yogbo community of Igalamela LGA, Maboro river, Kogi state water board Lokoja, and Kotokarfe old mosque’s well. Lead and Nickel were similarly observed to be high in Ofu river in Ugwolawo community, Maboro river of Olamaboro community, Ogberuku stream, Mechanical water pump of Ohucheba community, and Kotokarfe old mosque’s Well in Kotokarfe. Considering the role of these waters in the lives of residents of these communities, there is therefore an urgent need for Government of Kogi State, Nigeria to provide alternative sources of water for the residents population of these communities where drinking waters have been discovered to have more than optimum amount of elements required for human consumption inview of their health implications. Thus, programmes for water quality assurance and control must be put in place by Kogi State Government of Nigeria for quality water supply to her fast growing population in a sustainable manner.
Keywords: water quality, communities, physicochemical properties, trace elements, permitted level, acceptable limit.
THE HARMFUL EFFECTS OF HIV AIDS ON HEALTH, SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTS.
- CHOCHO HABILA DINNIGWA
School Of General Studies, Federal Polytechnic Bauchi State, Bauchi State Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
With HIV AIDS, there is no class distinction, the rich, the poor and the big highly educated can be infected as well as the sugar-daddy or sugar-mummy or the boy or girl who is sexually habitual and indiscriminate in nature. The HIV AIDS is spreading rapidly in Nigeria and its positivity rate has risen from 1.4% in 1994 to 4.5% in 1995 and 5.4% in 2000. There are at least 2.7 million Nigerians estimated to be living with HIV AIDS with prevalence age between 20-24 years highest rate of infection as of 2000 (National Reproductive Health Policy and Strategy, 2001). The paper, therefore examines the constraints of HIV/AIDS on health, social and economic growth. It also discusses concepts on HIV/AIDS, origin of HIV/AIDS, signs and symptoms, harmful effects on health, social and economic aspects, general control and preventive measures were explained. Finally, summary and recommendations were given as follows: – that government should provide adequate funds to health authorities to provide anti-viral drugs to the infected individuals – government should create information advocacy through media to educate public groups, cultural organizations, corporate bodies and families on how to control the deadly disease – the government should promote sex education in all levels of learning, trained teachers and experts in health so that they should be allowed to impart the relevant knowledge on dangers of sex abuse, prostitution and encourage methods that can control and prevent the spreads of HIV/AIDS – the government should encourage the people to go for blood test and screening of HIV/AIDS victims to identify with a view to establishing counseling unit in hospitals to reduce the rate of prevalence to the bearest minimum – the government should review and update health policies and programmes on sexuallytransmitted disease (STD) to incorporate civil society groups, health education teachers and medical professionals – the government should build Scientific Capacity bases to conduct research on how to cure HIV/AIDS and provide adequate vaccines against HIV/AIDS and other related sexual diseases.
Keywords: Health, HIV Aids, Social, Harmful Effects, Economic Developments.
ANALYSIS ON SOME LELECTD SONGS OF AMINU LADAN ABUBAKAR (ALA)
UMAR DAUDA WAZIRI
School of Languages, A.D. Rufa’i College for Legal and Islamic Studies P.M.B 004 Misau, Bauchi State
ABSTRACT
Poetry is one of the major components of Hausa literature. It is a process to which message is passed to the audience. Some of these messages in the songs are found to be teaming the role of parents in the Hausa society. This acticle seeks to explain the role of parents particularly in Aminu Ladan Abubakar’s (ALA) songs, with the debut to what is call Hausaland contemporary songs. Aminu Ala categorically pictures the importance of parents in the Hausa society. Examples of these songs includes: Ummi Momina, Darajar Uba and Uwar Iyaye to mention just three.
Keywords: Analysis, Songs, Selected, Aminu, Literature.
SOME SELECTED SERMONS OF SHEIKH ABDULLAHI MALUMRI OF MISAU TOWN, BAUCHI STATE.
ABUBAKAR MUHAMMAD ALMISAWI
School Of Remedial & Continuing Education A.D. Rufa’i College For Legal And Islamic Tudies P.M.B 004 Misau, Bauchi State
ABSTRACT
This article is an attempt to study some of the Juma’at sermons by the Miau based popular scholar in the person of Sheikh Abdullahi Malumri, some three sermons are selected for this write up; they include the following topics: calling to good deeds, the importance of the first ten days of the month of Dhul Hajj and the last one is the importance continuing with good deeds after the month of Ramadhan.
Keywords: Selected, Sermons, Good deeds, Dhul Hajj, Ramadhan.